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PSY101 > Chapters 3 & 4 > Flashcards

Chapters 3 & 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Transduction

A

the conversion of sensory information into a neural signal which is processes by your nervous system

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2
Q

Sensory Threshold

A

the point where a stimulus is strong enough to be detected by your sensory receptors

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3
Q

Absolute Threshold

A

smallest possible strength of a stimulus that can be detected half of the time

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4
Q

Sensory Adaption

A

gradual decline in sensitivity to a constant stimulus; takes less than a minute

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5
Q

Pacinian Corpuscle

A

receptor responsible for pressure signals

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6
Q

Vestibular Sense

A

responsible for balance and equilibrium

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7
Q

Semicircular canals; vestibular sacs

A

in ear; filled with fluid that shifts in response to movement

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8
Q

Sense

A

involving location/position of your body parts in relation to one another or environment

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9
Q

Proprioceptors

A

sensory neurons in muscles and joints

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10
Q

Outer Ear

A

pina, ear canal, eardrum

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11
Q

Middle Ear

A

hammer, anvil stirrup

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12
Q

Oval Window

A

separates middle ear from inner ear

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13
Q

Inner Ear

A

Cochlea; fluid filled, spiral tube

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14
Q

Basilar Membrane

A

runs the length of the cochlea and contains receptors

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15
Q

Vision

A

sensation and process of electromagnetic energy

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16
Q

Cornea

A

clear membrane that gathers and directs incoming light

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17
Q

Pupil

A

opening in the middle of iris that changes sizes/amounts of light

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18
Q

Iris

A

colored part of the eye/the muscle that controls the pupil

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19
Q

Lens

A

transparent structure behind pupil; focuses and blends the light

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20
Q

Accommodation

A

lens changing shape to focus and direct light to the retina

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21
Q

Retina

A

thin membrane in back of the eye; contains sensory receptors

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22
Q

Rods

A

long; thin, blunt receptor; peripheral and night vision

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23
Q

Cones

A

short, thick, pointed receptor; color and visual acuity

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24
Q

Blind spot

A

part of the retina with no rods or cones

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25
Q

Monocular cues

A

helps us with depth perception

26
Q

Induced motion

A

we perceive movement by comparing an object to it’s background

27
Q

Illusions

A

misconceptions about the true characteristics of an object or image

28
Q

Perception

A

process of integrating, organizing, and interpreting sensory information

29
Q

Figure/ground relationship

A

relying on shapes to organize objects

30
Q

Figure/ground reversal

A

perceiving an image in 2 different ways

31
Q

Consciousness

A

immediate awareness of thoughts, sensations and memories of the world around you

32
Q

Circadian Rhythms

A

24-hour cycle of daily functions, biological and psychological processes.

33
Q

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

A

cluster of neurons in the hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm; biological clock

34
Q

Melatonin

A

hormone that makes you drowsy and sleepy

35
Q

Electroencephalograph

A

instrument used to monitor brain activity during sleep

36
Q

REM Sleep

A

Rapid eye movement; dreaming

37
Q

NREM

A

quiet; slow brain activity

38
Q

Myoclonic jerk

A

involuntary muscle spasm

39
Q

hyponagogic hallucination

A

sensation of floating or falling

40
Q

Sleep Cycle Stage 1

A

theta waves (rapid); sounds fade; images fade; short in duration ( a few minutes)

41
Q

Sleep Cycle Stage 2 - True Sleep

A

delta waves (slower); rhythmic breathing; 15-20 minute duration

42
Q

Sleep Cycle Stage 3 - Slow Wave sleep

A

20% delta wave

43
Q

Sleep Cycle Stage 4 - Slow Wave Sleep

A

50% delta wave; 20-40 minutes long

44
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

when you stop breathing while you are sleeping

45
Q

Narcolepsy

A

daytime sleepiness and/or sleep lapses

46
Q

Insomnia

A

inability to fall asleep, stay asleep, or feel rested

47
Q

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

A

acting out your dreams

48
Q

Sleep walking

A

first 3 hours of sleep; common in kids

49
Q

Night Terrors

A

living out a nightmare

50
Q

Sleep Patterns

A

increase in age = decrease in REM sleep
Birth = 16 hours a day sleeping; 50% of it in REM

51
Q

by Age 40 sleep pattern

A

waking up more during the night

52
Q

by age 60+ sleep pattern

A

only 6 hours of sleep; mostly in light sleep

53
Q

lack of sleep can lead to…

A

mood disruption, slow reaction time, poor perception, bad motor skills, low blood sugar, lower metabolism, endocrine system malfunction

54
Q

Dreaming

A

story like episode involving characters and events that often reflect our daily concerns

55
Q

5 characteristics of dreams

A

involve intense emotion, illogical and unorganized, bizarre sensations, we accept bizarre details, difficult to remember

56
Q

Psychoactive drugs

A

chemical substances that alter perception and sensation

57
Q

Depressants

A

inhibit brain activity; alcohol, tranquilizers, inhalants, xanax

58
Q

Opiates

A

relieve pain and induce euphoria; mimic endorphins; morphine, heroin, fentanyl

59
Q

Stimulants

A

Excite brain activity; caffeine, nicotine, cocaine

60
Q

Psychedelic drugs

A

distort reality; LSD, Marijuana, Peyote, Mushrooms

61
Q

Designer Drugs

A

Ecstasy, PCP

PSY101 (3 decks)

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