Chapters 26-31

Question 1

What is age of the Earth

Answer 1

4.5 billion years old

Question 2

What oldest microfossils are

Answer 2

the oldest are 3.5 billion years old

Question 3

Mitochondria and Chloroplasts most likely gained entry by

Answer 3

endosymbiosis

Question 4

Order of classification

Answer 4

Kingdom 
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus 
Species

Question 5

How are viruses are classified

Answer 5

Not considered alive

cannot be placed in a kingdom

Question 6

Define latent virus

Answer 6

A virus that can remain Dormant for years

i.e., chicken pox to shingles

Question 7

What are characteristics of viruses

Answer 7

“parasitic” chemicals - DNA/RNA wrapped in protein, cannot reproduce on their own, not considered alive, viewed as detached fragments of a genome

Question 8

lytic and lysogenic cycle of viruses

Answer 8

Lytic: virus lyses the infected host cell, virulent or lytic phages. Lysogenic: virus does not immediately kill infected cell, integrate virus nucleic acid into host cell genome-prophage, integration allows virus to be replicated along w/ host cell’s DNA as host divides, temperate or lysogenic phage

Question 9

endospores

Answer 9

Developing a thick wall around their genome and a small portion of the cytoplasm when they are exposed to environmental stress

Question 10

Binary Fission

Answer 10

Asexual reproduction by division of one cell or body into two equal or nearly equal parts.

Question 11

Similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 11

Cells
cell membrane
ribosomes

Question 12

How do amoebas move

Answer 12

Pseudopods- flowing projections of cytoplasm that extend and pull the amoeba forward and engulf food particles

Question 13

Characteristics of Diatoms

Answer 13

Photosynthetic, unicellular organisms
Unique double shells made of silica
Some move using raphes
Two long grooves lined with vibrating fibril

Question 14

what disease trypanosomes cause

Answer 14

African sleeping sickness
Leishmaniasis
Chagas disease

Question 15

Why protists are classified into a single kingdom

Answer 15

They’re not fungi, plants,or animals. They’re paraphyletic, do not represent any evolutionary relationships

Question 16

White Cliffs of Dover are made of what

Answer 16

Limestone- rich in foraminifera

Question 17

Name for plants that lack conducting systems

Answer 17

Nonvascular plants,

Bryophytes

Question 18

What bryophytes require in order to reproduce sexually

Answer 18

water

Question 19

Rhizoids

Answer 19

Filamentous outgrowth of root like hairs

Question 20

Xylem

Answer 20

water and liquids

Question 21

Phloem

Answer 21

nutrients and food

Question 22

The dominant generation (what you see) of tracheophyte plants

Answer 22

Sporophyte

Question 23

Characteristics of angiosperm

Answer 23

Flowering plants
stamens
carpels
tiny pollen grains

Question 24

What makes the endosperm of seed

Answer 24

two polar nuclei to form the triploid endosperm

Provides nutrients to embryo

Question 25

What makes up cell walls of fungi

Answer 25

chitin

Question 26

Mycorrhizae

Answer 26

fungus that grows near the ends of plants roots breaking down nutrients down more.

Question 27

The most economically useful fungi

Answer 27

yeast - bread, beer, wine

Question 28

Lichens

Answer 28

algae and fungus symbiotic relationship