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Mrs. Jessica's OB II > Chapters 23-24 Brain, Face, Spine > Flashcards

Chapters 23-24 Brain, Face, Spine Flashcards

1
Q

The CSP is visualized during which time frame?

A

18-37 weeks

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2
Q

What anatomy is indicated by the arrows?

A

Corpus Callosum

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3
Q

What anatomy is being measured in this image?

A

Cisterna Magna

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4
Q

What is this sign and what abnormality is it related to?

A

Lemon- shaped Skull;Arnold-Chiari II

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5
Q

Which type of hydrocephalus is more common?

A

non communicating/obstructive

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6
Q

Aqueductal stenosis causes what brain anomaly?

A

Hydrocephalus (obstructive)

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7
Q

The sonographic finding of a fluid filled cranium with the absence of cerebral tissue is consistent with:

a- holoprosencephaly b-hydrocephalus
c- hydranencephaly d-schizencephaly

A

C-HYDRANENCEPHALY

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8
Q

With agenesis of the corpus callosum, this is also usually absent

A

CSP

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9
Q

A fluid filled cleft in the cerebrum indicates?
a- lissencephaly b-holoporsencephaly
c- schizencephaly d- hydranencephaly

A

c- schizencephaly

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10
Q

What chromosomal abnormality is most associated with holoprosencephaly?

A

Trisomy 13

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11
Q

Macroglossia is most commonly found with which syndrome?

A

Beck-wiedemann syndrome

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12
Q

Trisomy 13 is also known as

A

Patau Syndrome

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13
Q

Down Syndrome is also known as

A

Trisomy 21

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14
Q

The nuchal fold thickness should not exceed?

A

6mm

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15
Q

Micrognathia means

A

a small mandible

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16
Q

The cisterna magna is enlarged if it measures more than:

a. 5mm
b. 7mm
c. 10mm
d. 12mm

A

C
A cisterna magna with an AP dimension greater than 10mm can indicate Dandy-Walker malformation or mega cisterna magna. If the AP measurements is less than 2mm, Arnold Chiari II malformation could be present.

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17
Q

Which cranial structure is considered abnormal if it increases in size between ultrasound exams performed at 20 and 28 weeks?

a. choroid plexus
b. thalamus
c. cerebellum
d. lateral ventricle

A

D
The lateral ventricles are usually consistent in size throughout pregnancy. An increase in size between serial exams can indicate a developing problem with CNS drainage.

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18
Q

What is the function of the choroid plexus?

a. the choroid plexus is responsible for releasing multiple types of hormones that control fetal circulation and blood pressures
b. the choroid plexus is responsible for releasing multiple types of hormones that control fetal lung maturation
c. the choroid plexus is responsible for production of cerebrospinal fluid
d. the choroid plexus is responsible for releasing multiple types of hormones that control fetal growth and metabolism

A

C

The choroid plexus is responsible for production of cerebrospinal fluid.

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19
Q

The corpus callosum should be completely formed by which week of gestation?

a. 12
b. 14
c. 16
d. 18

A

D
The corpus callosum should be completely formed by 18 weeks. If it is not identified after 18 weeks, agenesis should be suspected.

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20
Q

What intracranial structure is located anterior to the lobes of the thalamus?

a. third ventricle
b. cavum septum pellucidum
c. choroid plexus
d. cerebellum

A

B
The cavum septum pellucidum is located anterior to the lobes of the thalamus. The 3rd ventricle is located between the two lobes of the thalamus.

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21
Q

What area do we use as windows for a fetal brain scan that is also known as “soft spots”?

A

Fontanelles

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22
Q

What does Craniosynostosis lead to?

A

A irregular shaped skull

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23
Q

What is another name for fontanelles

A

“Soft spots”

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24
Q

What is falx cerebri?

A

A double fold of dura layer, which is located within the interhemispheric

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25
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

A thick band of tissue that provides communication between right and left halves of the brain

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26
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of the corpus callosum?

A

Echogenic band of tissue within the midline of the brain connecting the two cerebral hemispheres

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27
Q

What is the Cavum Septum Pellucidum (CSP)?

A

A midline brain structure that can be identified in the anterior portion of the brain between the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles

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28
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of CSP?

A

Anechoic “box-shaped”

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29
Q

Anophthalmia

A

absence of the eyes

30
Q

what is the most common cause of hypertelorism

A

existence of an anterior cephalocele that displaces the orbits laterally

30
Q

increased distance between orbits

A

hypertelorism

31
Q

hypertelorism is associated with

A

craniosynostosis

32
Q

what is an appendage called where the nose would be

A

proboscis

33
Q

what is the sonographic appearance of the spinal cord

A

hypoechoic linear structure from the base of the cranium to the distal spine

34
Q

what are the most common neural defects

A

Anencephaly and spina bifida

35
Q

what is NOT associated with elevated AFP

A

CLOSED spina bifida

36
Q

what lab value helps with identifying neural defects

A

AFP

37
Q

what is the name for closed spina bifida

A

Occult

37
Q

what is the name for open spina bifida

A

Aperta

38
Q

the most common form of spina bifida is the spina bifida _______

A

Aperta

39
Q

After birth, what can be signs of spina bifida occult

A

sacral dimples, excessive hair, hemangioma

40
Q

meningomylocele appears as a _________ cyst and includes ______ & _______

A

complex; menings & nerve root

41
Q

A fetus with sacrococcygeal teratoma will have what kind of head shape

A

NORMAL

42
Q

Most common findings of limb body wall complex

A

short or absent umbilical cord, ventral wall defects, limb defects, craniofacial and scoliosis

43
Q

Causes of limb body wall complex can be

A

vascular occlusions, amnion rupture, embryonic dysgenesis

44
Q

The abnormal enlargement of the ventricles within the brain is referred to as?

A

Ventriculomegaly

45
Q

Obstructive Hydrocephalus

A

is the buildup of CSF within the ventricular system secondary to some type of obstruction.

46
Q

What is the most common cranial abnormality?

A

Ventriculomegaly

47
Q

What sonographic finding describes the echogenic choroid plexus, hanging limp and surrounded by CSF, within the dilated lateral ventricle?

A

“dangling choroid”

48
Q

Alobar holoprosencephaly

A

When there is an absence of the corpus callosum, cavum septum pellucidum, third ventricle, interhemispheric fissure, and falx cerebri.

49
Q

Dandy-walker complex

A

is a spectrum of posterior fossa abnormalities that involve the cystic dilatation of the cistern magna and fourth ventricle

50
Q

What rare condition has a cyst that communicates with the ventricular system?

A

Porencephaly

51
Q

Arachnoid cysts can be confused with?

A

Porencephaly

52
Q

Lissencephaly translates to?

A

Smooth brain

53
Q

Which condition doesn’t have gyri within the cerebral cortex?

A

Lissencephaly

54
Q

Holoprosencephaly is an appendage where the _____ would be

A

Nose

55
Q

Anophthalmia is?

A

the absence of the eye(s).

56
Q

Anophthalmia results from?

A

It results from the failure of the optic vesicle to form

57
Q

hypotelorism

A

A reduction in the distance between the orbits

58
Q

The fetal lip typically closes between what weeks?

A

7-8 weeks

59
Q

The fetal palate typically closes by how many weeks

A

12 weeks

60
Q

The fetal palate typically closes by how many weeks

A

12 weeks

61
Q

the most common congenital abnormalities

A

Cleft lip and cleft palate

62
Q

the most common congenital abnormalities

A

Cleft lip and cleft palate

63
Q

Macroglossia is defined as

A

unusual protuberance of the tongue.

64
Q

Macroglossia is associated with what syndromes

A

Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome and Down syndrome.

(More often associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann)

65
Q

Holoprosencephaly is an appendage where the ______ would be

A

Nose

66
Q

Holoprosencephaly is an appendage where the ______ would be

A

Nose

67
Q

BOD is measured

A

Outer to outer

68
Q

BOD is measured

A

Outer to outer

69
Q

A strawberry skull is most associated with?

A

Trisomy 18 (Turners)

70
Q
A

Mrs. Jessica's OB II (1 decks)

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