chapters 2 and 4 health & wellness & community health Flashcards
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the absence of disease
health
a state of being that people define in relation to their own values, personality, and lifestyle
health
your perceived susceptibility
addresses the relationship between a person’s beliefs and behaviors
Health Belief Model
directed at increasing a patient’s level of well being
1) individual characteristics and experiences
2) behavior specific cognitions and affect
3) behavioral outcomes
Health Promotion Model
attempts to meet the patient’s basic needs
Needs necessary for survival or health
Basic Human Needs Model
attempts to create conditions that promote optimal health
holistic health model
self actualization self esteem love and belonging safety and security physiological
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
influence how a person thinks and acts
variables
can negatively or positively influence health behavior or health practices
health beliefs
are influenced by internal and external variables and should be considered when planning care
health beliefs and practices
developmental stage: patient’s degree of health depends on knowledge
intellectual background
emotional factors
spiritual factors
internal variables
family practices
socioeconomic factors
cultural background
external variables
health promotion
wellness education
illness prevention
types of health promotion activities
fluoride in drinking water
Milk with Vitamin D
passive activity
weight loss program
active activity
primary, secondary, and tertiary
three levels of prevention
true prevention that lowers the chances that a disease will develop
example: seat belts, immunizations
primary prevention
focuses on those who have a disease or are at risk to develop a disease
examples: screening for scoliosis, PSA, mammograms
secondary prevention
occurs when a defect or disability is permanent or irreversible
example: chronic disease or illness
tertiary prevention
variables that increase the vulnerability of an individual or a group to an illness or accident
risk factors
genetic and physiologic factors (family history, cancer, pregnancy, obesity, heredity)
age
physical environment
lifestyle (seatbelt, sunbathing)
risk factors
help patients understand areas that must be changed to promote wellness and prevent illness
example: healthy heart program
identification
implement health education programs to help patients change risky health behaviors
modification and changing health behaviors
precontemplation contemplation preparation action maintenance
5 steps of behavior change
a state in which a person’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired
illness
short duration and severe
acute illness
persists longer than 6 months and can be life threatening
chronic illness
chronic illness like cancer is what stage
tertiary
perception of illness and nature of illness
internal variables of illness behavior
visibility of symptoms, social group, cultural background, economics, and accessibility to health care
external variables of illness behavior
behavioral and emotional changes
impact on body image
impact on self concept
impact on family roles and family dynamics
impact of illness on the patient and family
a model of care to reach all in a community
focuses on helping individuals and communities achieve a healthy living environment
occurs outside traditional health care facilities
provides services for acute and chronic conditions
community based health care
public health problems are influenced by
social lifestyles
political policy
economic ambitions
improved delivery of health care occurs through
- assessment of health care needs of individuals, families, and communities
- development and implementation of public health policies
- improved access to care
leads to community health promotion programs
helps gather info on incident rates
community assessment
examples of health promotion programs
exercise programs for kids, smoking cessation, safe sex, dietary program for pregnant women, adolescent smoking prevention
health professionals provide leadership in
developing public policies to support the health of a population
when lower level services are accessible and effective, there is a greater likelihood that higher tiers will contribute to the health of the community
five level health services pyramid
focuses on the needs of a population
public health nursing
a public health nurse understands
factors that influence health promotion and maintenance
trends & patterns that influence incidence of disease
environmental factors that contribute to health & illness
political processes that affect public policy
care is provided in the community
primary focus is on the healthcare of indiv, familities, and groups
goal is to preserve, protect, promote, or maintain health
provides direct care services to subpopulations in a community
community health nursing
Understand needs of population
apply critical thinking
know the community member
work in partnerships to support heath programs
community nurses
occurs in community settings
involves acute and chronic care
enhances individuals’ capacity for self-care
promotes autonomy in decision making
uses critical thinking skills
reduces costs for the patient by providing care near homes
requires knowledge of family theory, communication, group dynamics, and cultural diversity
community based nursing
vulnerable populations include
immigrants poor and homeless abused substance abusers mentally ill older adults
All communities have three components:
structure or locale
people
social systems
Patient’s are more likely to accept a change if it is:
more advantageous, realistic, compatible, and easy to adapt
very basic physiological needs such as oxygen, water, food, sleep and sex
lowest level of needs on Maslow’s hierarchy
describes health as a positive dynamic state not merely the absence of disease
health promotion model
