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Communications 100 > Chapters 2-5 > Flashcards

Chapters 2-5 Flashcards

1
Q

the set of symbols or words that are used to create a symbol for communicating between individuals

A

language

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2
Q

simplest; the first level of language where the focus is placed on sounds and the alphabet

A

phonetics

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3
Q

the distinctive sounds, unique to each language, that words are composed of

A

Phonemes

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4
Q

the second level of language where the focus is placed on words and their meanings

A

Semantics

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5
Q

someone who studies the change of words and their meanings over a period of time

A

Semanticist

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6
Q

the third level of language is the level that focuses on how words are arranged to form phrases and sentences, otherwise known as syntax

A

Syntactic level

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7
Q

the fourth level of language is the level of language that looks at how language is used in social situations

A

Pragmatics

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8
Q

English for paper, this was the substance created by the Egyptians made from reeds found along the banks of the Nile River that Ancient Egyptians used for keeping written records

A

Papyrus

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9
Q

professional writers, always men, who were trained to read and write in ancient civilizations

A

Scribes

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10
Q

writing surface created from the soaking, stretching, and dying of calf, goat, and sheep skin

A

Parchment

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11
Q

Printing style used by the Chinese, employing stamp-like devices to transfer images from wood using thick coats of ink onto paper

A

Block Printing

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12
Q

separate characters placed individually on tiles, made of wood or clay, to be reused to form a variety of words and sentences in printing

A

Movable Types

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13
Q

a system of raised dots representing the letters of the alphabet and other symbols that aid in communication for the blind

A

Braille

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14
Q

a dot and dash messaging system used first in telegraphs and later by radios to communicate

A

Morse Code

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15
Q

online places where people gather virtually to share information about themselves and their lives with others on the web

A

Social Networks

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16
Q

the predecessor to the Internet created by the US Military to link all of their computers together forming a network

A

ARPANET

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17
Q

when a listener is not fully engaged in the listening process which results in a lack of awareness of a message being sent from a given source

A

passive listening

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18
Q

when a listener is fully engaged in the listening processes and the message being sent is recognized and received

A

active listening

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19
Q

listening for differences in sounds and signs

A

discriminative listening

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20
Q

listening where we make sense of or understand the message being sent to us

A

comprehension listening

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21
Q

listening in order to judge, criticize, or evaluate something

A

critical listening

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22
Q

listening to hear what we want to hear or listening based on preconceived notions and stereotypes

A

biased listening

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23
Q

listening to hear information that will satisfy our own needs

A

appreciative listening

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24
Q

listening that occurs when we are genuinely concerned for or care about another person

A

sympathetic listening

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25
Q

listening in search of a way to understand someone’s feelings

A

empathetic listening

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26
Q

listening as part of a conversation or exchange of thoughts and ideas

A

dialogic listening

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27
Q

a discussion where issues are closely looked at and examined and a shared understanding is reached

A

dialogue

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28
Q

noise that is created internally as a result of intrapersonal communication

A

Psychological noise

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29
Q

between 2 people

A

diatic

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30
Q

occur when each member brings something to the relationship that the other person lacks

A

complementary relationships

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31
Q

occur when both members of the relationship share highly similar qualities that in some cases mirror each other

A

symmetrical relationships

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32
Q

the process of revealing things about yourself that people are unlikely to know

A

self-disclosure

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33
Q

the tension that exists between two conflicting people or forces

A

dialectics

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34
Q

problems that arise due to an opposition in needs or interests

A

conflict

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35
Q

conflict resolution style where one person gives in to let the other person get what they want, thus smoothing over the conflict

A

accommodating

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36
Q

conflict resolution style where both parties make concessions in order to get an end that they both can agree on to resolve the conflict

A

compromising

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37
Q

conflict resolution style where an individual withdraws from a situation, refusing to deal with the problem altogether

A

avoiding

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38
Q

conflict resolution style where one person ends up “winning” while the other person “loses”

A

competing

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39
Q

conflict resolution style where both parties come together to agree upon conditions of a solution that meet all of their demands and needs

A

collaboration

40
Q

the use of communication to reach a mutual agreement

A

negotiating

41
Q

communication codes consisting of symbols that are not words

A

nonverbal codes

42
Q

occurs when a nonverbal code is used in conjunction with a verbal code to strengthen the message

A

accentuation

43
Q

nonverbal codes are added to verbal codes in order to add meaning to an expand upon both

A

complementation

44
Q

occurs when nonverbal codes conflict with verbal codes

A

contradiction

45
Q

occurs when the same message is sent using verbal and nonverbal codes

A

repetition

46
Q

the use of nonverbal codes to monitor and control your interaction with others

A

regulation

47
Q

occurs when nonverbal codes are used in place of verbal codes

A

substitution

48
Q

the study of how bodily movements communicate messages

A

kinesics

49
Q

nonverbal movements that represent a certain word or phrase

A

emblems

50
Q

nonverbal movements that are meant to go along with or reinforce a verbal message

A

illustrators

51
Q

nonverbal movements of the face and body to show emotion

A

affect displays

52
Q

nonverbal movements that control the pace of communication

A

regulators

53
Q

nonverbal movements that are usually done in order to make you feel better and alleviate tension within your body

A

adaptors

54
Q

the study of how humans use space and distance and how this affects communication

A

proxemics

55
Q

that distance that extends outward from you 18 inches

A

intimate distance

56
Q

that distance that extends 18 inches to 4 feet from you

A

personal distance

57
Q

that distance that extends 4 to 12 feed from you

A

social distance

58
Q

the space that extends past 12 feet from you

A

public distance

59
Q

the study of time, particularly how people organize and use it and this organization’s effect on communication

A

chronemics

60
Q

the study of how physical touch affects communication

A

haptics

61
Q

the use of touch in communication

A

tactile communication

62
Q

the study of our voice

A

vocalics

63
Q

vocal characteristics

A

paralanguage

64
Q

the loudness or softness of the voice

A

volume

65
Q

the speed at which you speak

A

rate

66
Q

how high or low someone speaks

A

pitch

67
Q

the change in pitch or loudness of the voice

A

inflection

68
Q

words such as uh um like you know and so on

A

vocal fillers

69
Q

the richness or thinness of your voice

A

resonance

70
Q

a set of moral standards and principles

A

ethics

71
Q

those groups whose purpose is to shape our self-esteem and personality all the while offering us feelings of safety and support

A

social groups

72
Q

those groups that we belong to in order to complete a specific job or task

A

work groups

73
Q

a group where members are all responsible for performing the same activity and pool their work together to create a finished product

A

additive work groups

74
Q

a group where members perform tasks that are different but related in order to meet a goal

A

conjunctive work groups

75
Q

a group where members are responsible for solving a problem

A

disjunctive task work group

76
Q

tasks that require members to choose one correct answer to a problem from all of the potential solutions

A

judgement tasks

77
Q

tasks that require group members to decide on the bes alternative out of a set of options

A

decision-making tasks

78
Q

groups that evolve spontaneously or form to serve a specific purpose

A

emergent work groups

79
Q

the idea that the collaborative efforts of a group are better at solving problems and getting work done than individual alone

A

group synergy

80
Q

the need to establish identity as part of a group

A

inclusion

81
Q

the need to assert authority over a group and prove one’s abilities

A

control

82
Q

the need to establish relationships with other people

A

affection

83
Q

the belief of group members who share a common goal that the work they do will be affected by other members of the group

A

social interdependence

84
Q

the stage of group development where members get to know each other and are introduced to the task at hand

A

forming

85
Q

the stage of group development where work commences and members begin to establish themselves within the group

A

storming

86
Q

the stage of group development where rules are established that will dictate how the group’s goal will be accomplished

A

norming

87
Q

rules that are not clearly started or written down but are understood by members of the group

A

implicit rules

88
Q

rules that are written down and clearly stated for all members to know

A

explicit rules

89
Q

the stage of group development where members work to reach a conclusion that they will subsequently implement

A

performing

90
Q

the stage of group development where to group disbands becauses all of the work has been completed

A

adjourning

91
Q

the roles responsible for specific tasks within a group

A

task-oriented roles

92
Q

the roles responsible for the socialization and morale of the group

A

social roles

93
Q

the roles that place the needs and desires of the group member before that of the group

A

individualistic roles

94
Q

the tendency of members of a group to agree on a solution based on group consensus alone rather than weighing all of the possible options

A

groupthink

95
Q

the reaction that occurs in a small group where a group’s size affects the output of the work done by its members

A

the Ringelmann Effect

Communications 100 (4 decks)

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