Chapters 2, 3, 4 and 15 Flashcards
The first branch off of the Aortic Arch is?
The Innominate Artery
Which normal cerebrovascular vessel demonstrates the highest flow resistance?
ECA
A Transient Ischemic Attach (TIA) usually resolves within?
24 hours
Aphasia means?
Inability to speak
The vertebral artery usually arises from the:
Subclavian Artery
The ECA _______ lies posterior in the neck compared to the ICA?
Rarely
Bilateral brachial blood pressures should not show a greater than ______ mmHg difference.
20
All of the following are true of the ECA except…
It has multiple branches coming off of the neck.
Is usually smaller than the ICA.
Generally provides blood to the face.
Cannot be seen with ultrasound.
Cannot be seen with Ultrasound.
For carotid doppler velocity assessment the ideal doppler angle should be ____ degrees or less.
60
The appearance of "early systolic deceleration" or a "hesitant" waveform in the left vertebral artery waveform is usually due to which of the following conditions? Proximal left subclavian stenosis Basilar artery obstruction left distal vertebral obstruction proximal right vertebral artery stenosis
Proximal left subclavian stenosis
The first branch off the ascending aorta is the
coronary artery
Generally, at what percentage of stenosis will velocities begin to actually decrease?
95%
How many doppler samples should you obtain in a hemodynamically significant stenosis?
3 or more.
Which of the following is NOT considered a risk factor for atherosclerosis? Smoking Diabetes Hypertension Female Gender
Female Gender
Which of the following is a complication of plaque ulceration? Thrombosis Intraplaque hemorrhage Embolization All of the above
All of the above
Where are carotid body tumors located?
Between the ECA and ICA
All of the following may represent symptoms from the posterior circulation stroke EXCEPT? Dizziness Drop attacks Diplopia Amaurosis Fugax
Amaurosis Fugax
A patient describes a 30 minute episode of garbled speech. This is called:
Dysphasia
Which of the following anatomic lesions can produce a subclavian steal? innominate artery occlusion proximal left subclavian artery stenosis right common carotid artery occlusion right axillary artery occlusion a & b
A&B
An arterial stenosis would show post-stenotic turbulence beginning at what percentage stenosis?
50%
What percentage of arterial stenosis would be measured best by B-mode transverse measurement as opposed to velocity measurement?
40%
The characteristics of flow in the different carotid artery segments are?
High-resistance in the ECA, low-resistance in the ICA, mixed in the CCA.
The angle correct cursor for velocity estimates is best:
adjusted parallel with the arterial wall
You perform percussion maneuvers on the superficial temporal artery and see oscillations on the spectral display. The artery being insonated is most likely:
ECA
A patient presents with the classic cerebrovascular symptoms of left amaurosis fugax. Of the choices below, what is the most likely cause? Emboli from the left ICA Emboli from the right ICA Occlusion of the left vertebral artery Occlusion of the left ICA
Occlusion of the left ICA
Fibromuscular Dysplasia predominantly occurs in…
Women in their ICA
In the presence of an innominate artery occlusion, the ipsilateral common carotid artery is often supplied by _______ flow in the right ________ artery.
Retrograde, subclavian.
What does a high resistance flow pattern in the ICA indicate?
A severe stenosis or occlusion distal to the segment being insonated.
Calculate the % stenosis using the bulb method. RL is 2 cm. TL is 8 cm. Distal ICA TL is 4 cm.
75%
Calculate the % stenosis using the NASCET method. RL is 2 cm. TL is 8 cm. Distal ICA TL is 4 cm.
50%
Dissections usually occur in the:
Aorta into carotids
All of the following techniques should utilized to differentiate string sign flow from complete vessel occlusion except? Power doppler High color gain Low color scale High wall filters
High wall filters
Which type/frequency of transducer is most appropriate for the majority of carotid duplex ultrasound studies?
7-4MHz linear
Which finding would rule out a hemodynamically significant subclavian artery stenosis?
Absence of spectral broadening in the waveform
Asymmetrical brachial systolic pressures
Abnormal vertebral artery doppler waveform contour
Elevated flow velocity with poststenotic turbulence
Absence of spectral broadening in the waveform
Restenosis of a carotid endarterectomy site that occurs after 1 month postop and within the first 2 years after surgery is most likely due to
Neointimal hyperplasia
Which of the following is not a diagnostic finding with external carotid to internal carotid collateral flow through reversed ophthalmic artery?
Retrograde flow in the ophthalmic artery
Increased resistive index in the ophthalmic artery
Decreased pulsatility in the ophthalmic artery
Reversal of flow in the ophthalmic artery with compression of external carotid artery branches
Increased resistive index in the ophthalmic artery
Which of the following are not normal findings of the ophthalmic artery?
If providing collateral flow from the ECA to the brain, flow is directed from the eye orbit toward the brain
It is visualized between 40 and 60 mm using a transorbital approach
It normal displays from the brain toward the orbit of the eye
It normally displays high velocity diastolic flow
It normally displays high velocity diastolic flow
The third branch off the aortic arch is the?
left subclavian
