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Vascular Ultrasound > Chapters 2, 3, 4 and 15 > Flashcards

Chapters 2, 3, 4 and 15 Flashcards

1
Q

The first branch off of the Aortic Arch is?

A

The Innominate Artery

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2
Q

Which normal cerebrovascular vessel demonstrates the highest flow resistance?

A

ECA

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3
Q

A Transient Ischemic Attach (TIA) usually resolves within?

A

24 hours

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4
Q

Aphasia means?

A

Inability to speak

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5
Q

The vertebral artery usually arises from the:

A

Subclavian Artery

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6
Q

The ECA _______ lies posterior in the neck compared to the ICA?

A

Rarely

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7
Q

Bilateral brachial blood pressures should not show a greater than ______ mmHg difference.

A

20

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8
Q

All of the following are true of the ECA except…
It has multiple branches coming off of the neck.
Is usually smaller than the ICA.
Generally provides blood to the face.
Cannot be seen with ultrasound.

A

Cannot be seen with Ultrasound.

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9
Q

For carotid doppler velocity assessment the ideal doppler angle should be ____ degrees or less.

A

60

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10
Q 
The appearance of "early systolic deceleration" or a "hesitant" waveform in the left vertebral artery waveform is usually due to which of the following conditions?
Proximal left subclavian stenosis
Basilar artery obstruction
left distal vertebral obstruction 
proximal right vertebral artery stenosis
A

Proximal left subclavian stenosis

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11
Q

The first branch off the ascending aorta is the

A

coronary artery

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12
Q

Generally, at what percentage of stenosis will velocities begin to actually decrease?

A

95%

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13
Q

How many doppler samples should you obtain in a hemodynamically significant stenosis?

A

3 or more.

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14
Q 
Which of the following is NOT considered a risk factor for atherosclerosis? 
Smoking
Diabetes
Hypertension
Female Gender
A

Female Gender

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15
Q 
Which of the following is a complication of plaque ulceration? 
Thrombosis
Intraplaque hemorrhage
Embolization
All of the above
A

All of the above

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16
Q

Where are carotid body tumors located?

A

Between the ECA and ICA

17
Q 
All of the following may represent symptoms from the posterior circulation stroke EXCEPT?
Dizziness
Drop attacks
Diplopia
Amaurosis Fugax
A

Amaurosis Fugax

18
Q

A patient describes a 30 minute episode of garbled speech. This is called:

A

Dysphasia

19
Q 
Which of the following anatomic lesions can produce a subclavian steal? 
innominate artery occlusion
proximal left subclavian artery stenosis
right common carotid artery occlusion 
right axillary artery occlusion
a & b
A

A&B

20
Q

An arterial stenosis would show post-stenotic turbulence beginning at what percentage stenosis?

A

50%

21
Q

What percentage of arterial stenosis would be measured best by B-mode transverse measurement as opposed to velocity measurement?

A

40%

22
Q

The characteristics of flow in the different carotid artery segments are?

A

High-resistance in the ECA, low-resistance in the ICA, mixed in the CCA.

23
Q

The angle correct cursor for velocity estimates is best:

A

adjusted parallel with the arterial wall

24
Q

You perform percussion maneuvers on the superficial temporal artery and see oscillations on the spectral display. The artery being insonated is most likely:

A

ECA

25
Q 
A patient presents with the classic cerebrovascular symptoms of left amaurosis fugax. Of the choices below, what is the most likely cause? 
Emboli from the left ICA
Emboli from the right ICA
Occlusion of the left vertebral artery
Occlusion of the left ICA
A

Occlusion of the left ICA

26
Q

Fibromuscular Dysplasia predominantly occurs in…

A

Women in their ICA

27
Q

In the presence of an innominate artery occlusion, the ipsilateral common carotid artery is often supplied by _______ flow in the right ________ artery.

A

Retrograde, subclavian.

28
Q

What does a high resistance flow pattern in the ICA indicate?

A

A severe stenosis or occlusion distal to the segment being insonated.

29
Q

Calculate the % stenosis using the bulb method. RL is 2 cm. TL is 8 cm. Distal ICA TL is 4 cm.

A

75%

30
Q

Calculate the % stenosis using the NASCET method. RL is 2 cm. TL is 8 cm. Distal ICA TL is 4 cm.

A

50%

31
Q

Dissections usually occur in the:

A

Aorta into carotids

32
Q 
All of the following techniques should utilized to differentiate string sign flow from complete vessel occlusion except? 
Power doppler
High color gain
Low color scale
High wall filters
A

High wall filters

33
Q

Which type/frequency of transducer is most appropriate for the majority of carotid duplex ultrasound studies?

A

7-4MHz linear

34
Q

Which finding would rule out a hemodynamically significant subclavian artery stenosis?
Absence of spectral broadening in the waveform
Asymmetrical brachial systolic pressures
Abnormal vertebral artery doppler waveform contour
Elevated flow velocity with poststenotic turbulence

A

Absence of spectral broadening in the waveform

35
Q

Restenosis of a carotid endarterectomy site that occurs after 1 month postop and within the first 2 years after surgery is most likely due to

A

Neointimal hyperplasia

36
Q

Which of the following is not a diagnostic finding with external carotid to internal carotid collateral flow through reversed ophthalmic artery?
Retrograde flow in the ophthalmic artery
Increased resistive index in the ophthalmic artery
Decreased pulsatility in the ophthalmic artery
Reversal of flow in the ophthalmic artery with compression of external carotid artery branches

A

Increased resistive index in the ophthalmic artery

37
Q

Which of the following are not normal findings of the ophthalmic artery?
If providing collateral flow from the ECA to the brain, flow is directed from the eye orbit toward the brain
It is visualized between 40 and 60 mm using a transorbital approach
It normal displays from the brain toward the orbit of the eye
It normally displays high velocity diastolic flow

A

It normally displays high velocity diastolic flow

38
Q

The third branch off the aortic arch is the?

A

left subclavian

Vascular Ultrasound (1 decks)

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