Chapters 2,3,4 Flashcards
White Temple
Sumerian
Built 3000 BC
Big temple (61 x 16 ft) built with bricks
Built by Sumerian people
Featured the bent axis plan that was used in the building of most Sumerian Ziggurat
Situated in Uruk
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Female Head (might be of Inanna)
Sumeria
3500-3000 BC
8’’ high, made of marble
Made by Sumerian person
Important artwork because marble was very rare, had to be imported at great cost; soft carving technique made facial features appear softer
Found at temple of Inanna at Uruk
Statuettes from Temple of Abu
Sumerian
2700 - 2500 BC
Various sizes (tallest 30’’), made of stone
Made by Sumerian sculptor(s)
Surrogate worshippers that people placed in temples to pray in their place –> big eyes show dedication to the gods
Found at Eshnunna
Standard of Ur
Sumerian
2600 BC
Interpreted as 8.5 x 19.5’’ wooden box, mosaic made of shell, lapis, limestone, bitumen with cuneiform writing
Made by Sumerian person(s)
Double sided; one side dubbed “war side,” has image of battle, other side dubbed “peace side,” portrays banquet. Original purpose unknown
Found at Royal Cemetary at Ur
Head of Akkadian Ruler (probably Sargon)
Akkadian
2300 - 2200 BC
Bronze sculpture; 12’’ high
Originally full bodied sculpture that showed King’s power; gouged eyes show deliberate mutilation, probably by enemy
Found at Nineveh
Ziggarut at Ur
Neo-Sumerian
2100 BC
210 x 150 feet, built with bricks
Akkadian builders
Situated at Ur
Victory Stele of Naram-Sin
Akkadian
~2250 BC
6’7’’ tall, made of pink limestone
Created by Akkadian artist(s)
Shows sovereign who thinks himself on par with the gods, “King of the World”
Found at Susa, where Elamite King took the tablet after conquering Akkadia
Statue of Gudea
Neo-Sumerian
2100 BC
2’5’’ high, made from Diorite
Built by neo-Sumerian artist(s)
Showed Gudea’s reversion to statuettes that showed dedication to worshipping gods, as opposed to divine right of King in Akkadia. Diorite very hard to carve –> showed piety + wealth
Found in Girsu
Stele with Law Code of Hammrabi
Babylonian
18th century BCE
Black basalt, 7’4’’ high
Babylonian sculptor
Describes Hammrabi’s extensive law code that was revolutionary for its time
Found at Susa
Lamassu
Assyrian
720-705 BC
Limestone, 13’10’’ high
Combined front and side POV to get complete view of sculpture from front and side
Found at citadel of Sargon at Dur Sharrukin
Ashurbanipal hunting lions relief
Assyrian
645-640 BC
Gypsum, 5’4’’ high
Found at Palace of Ashurbanipal
Shows dominance of King (killing fearsome lions)
Ishtar Gate
Neo-Babylonian
575 BC
Blue glazed bricks, original height unknown
Original located in Babylon, reconstruction at Berlin
Royal audience hall at Persepolis
Persian
521-465
Stone, 60’ high, 217 square feet
Huge scale, could seat thousands
At Persepolis
Bull Capital
Persian
~400 BC
Stone
Tomb of Artaxerxes II
Head of a King (probably Shapur)
Sasanian
4th century
Gilded silver, 15.75’’ tall
Conveys sense of majesty
Wall painting at Hierakonpolis
Egyptian
3500-3200 BC
Watercolor on plaster, 16’4’’ x 3’7 3/8’’
Compositional style that would later be very influential
Palette of King Narmer
Egyptian
3000-2900 BC
Slate, 2’1’’ high
Very innovative - composite style and horizontal lines separating narrative
Hierakonpolis
Stepped Pyramid of King Djoser
Egyptian
2630-2611 BC
203 feet high, stone
Designed by Imhotep
First stepped pyramid
Saqqara
Great Pyramids of Giza
Egyptian
2500-2450 BC
Scale very big, made of limestone
First project of such massive scale
At Giza
Great Sphinx
Egyptian
2520-2494 BC
65’ x 240’, sandstone
Lion with human head portrays godly pharoah
At Giza
Seated statue of Khafre
Egyptian
5’6’’ high, diorite
Rigid style typical of Egyptian sculpture, subtractive sculpting style where statue was carved out of stone
At Giza near Great Sphinx
Statue of Menkaure and Khamerernebty (probably)
Egyptian
2490-2472 BC
Graywacke, 4’6.5’’ high
Emotionless husband and wife suggests that statue was designed to be an eternal substitute home
Seated Scribe
Egyptian
2500 BC
Painted limestone, 1’9’’ high
Non-idealistic portrayal since scribe was not of elite status, sitting on ground as opposed to chair/throne
Found at Saqqara
Ti watching hippopotamus hunt
Egyptian
2450-2350 BC
Painted limestone, 4’ high
Ti’s large size reflects high rank, passive observer compared to his minions shows that he is deceased, watching timelessly
Found at Ti’s mastaba at Saqqara
Mortuary temple of Queen Hatshepsut
Egyptian
1473-1458 BC
Very big, made of lots of different materials, mainly stone
Significant because signifies shift away from pyramids and mastabas to temples
Deir el-Bahri
Temple of Ramses II
Egyptian
1290-1224 BC
206 feet long, large statues of 32 feet
Rock cut statue hallway that became typical of Egyptian temples
Fowling scene from tomb of Nebamun
Egyptian
1400-1350 BC
Fresco on dry plaster
Dry fresco as opposed to wet fresco
Statue of Akhenaton
Egyptian
1353-1333 BC
Sandstone, 13’ high
Significant because of curves, very revolutionary, could be because artist wanted to portray him as all mighty Sun Disk
Found at Temple of Aton
Head of Nefertiti
Egyptian
1353-1335 BC
Painted limestone, 1’8’’ high
Made by Thutmose
Heavily adorned in jewels
Innermost coffin of Tutankhamen, portrait mask
Egyptian
1323 BC
Gold, enamel, semiprecious stones, 6’1’’ long
Made of gold, very grand, displays richness and power
Scroll of Hu Nefer
Egyptian
1290 - 1980 BC
Painted papyrus scroll, 1’6’’ high
Displays process of moving into the afterlife, has lots of different gods and instruments
Royal Palace at Knossos
Minoan
1700-1400 BC
Scale big, made of many materials
Mazelike large plan that gave rise to the myth of the Minotaur
At Knossos (Crete)
Queen’s megaron at Palace of Knossos
Minoan
~1600 BC
Fresco
Toreador Fresco
Minoan
1400
Fresco, 2’8’’ high
Ceremonial scene, very animated and curved figures
Palace of Knossos
Harvester Vase
Minoan
1500 BC
Steatite, originally with gold leaf, greatest diameter 5’’
Muscular and skeletal structure of body represented
Lion Gate
Mycenaean
1300-1250 BC
Limestone, 9’6’’ high
Relief triangle that sits on top of three large slabs of rock, depicts two lions
Treasury of Atreus
Mycenaean
1300-1250 BC
Very large dome of stone blocks
Significant because one of largest structures without any cement, just stones laid on top of each other
Amphora
Greek
Date N/A
Vases of varying size, most often ceramic, though some of metal
Varying artists
Vase of very specific shape and size, often used to transport goods
Dipolyn vase
Greek
Date 740 BC
Made of ceramic
Marked grave, very technical, good sculpting and very intricate drawings
From Dipolyn Cemetary
Mantiklos Apollo
Greek
700-680 BC
Bronze, 8’’ high
Made by Mantiklos
Statue dedicated to Apollo, probably depiction of him
