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Foundations of Nursing > Chapters 2, 16 and 17 > Flashcards

Chapters 2, 16 and 17 Flashcards

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1
Q

What influences a person’s understanding of health or illness?

A

Define what you believe health and illness mean

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2
Q

Define Idiopathic disease

A

one for which there is no known etiology (cause)

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3
Q

Define self-actualization

A

: reaching one’s full potential is a stage to which ppl do not advance until the physiologic, security and belonging, self esteem, and love needs have not been met

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4
Q

If a patient refuses to follow physicians orders could culture, socioeconomic or religious values play a part in this decision?

A

Yes

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5
Q

Maslow’s Heirarchy- physiologic needs? What is the first physiologic need?

A

oxygen

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6
Q

Maslow’s Heirarchy- physiologic needs? What is the second physiologic need?

A

The need for adequate cardiovascular function to supply the tissues with blood

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7
Q

Define homeostasis

A

a tendency of biologic systems to maintain stability of the internal environment by continually adjusting to changes necessary for survival

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8
Q

Selye- General Adaptation Syndrome- what happens when a person experiences excessive and prolonged stress?

A

The response becomes maladaptive and a pathologic condition occurs, which may be in the form of a stress related disorder

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9
Q

A persons experience and reaction to stressors depend on what factors?

A

a. Perception of the stressor
b. Degree of health and fitness
c. Previous life experiences and personality
d. Available social support system
e. Personal coping mechanisms

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10
Q

In 1946 the World Health Organization redefined health as what?

A

not only the absence of infirmity and disease but also a state of physical, mental and social well being

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11
Q

What occurs in the acceptance stage of illness?

A

Acknowledge illness and take measures to become well

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12
Q

Defense Mechanisms- Define denial:

A

a more serious form of repression. Person lives as though an unwanted piece of information or reality does not exist. There is a persistent refusal to be swayed by evidence

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13
Q

define displacement

A

discharging intense feelings for one person onto another object or person who is less threatening, thereby satisfying an impulse with a substitute object

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14
Q

Define: Primary prevention:

A

avoids or delays occurrence of a specific disease or disorder

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15
Q

Primary preventions examples

A

Wearing seat belts/helmets; eating well balanced meals; not smoking; consuming no or minimal alcohol; being immunized; maintaining ideal body weightp wearing sunscreen and avoiding tanning beds

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16
Q

secondary prevention

A

consists of following guidelines for screening for diseases that are easily treated if found early or for detecting return of a disease

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17
Q

secondary prevention examples

A

Having regular pap smears; performing monthly breast exams/testicular; having mammograms and a colonoscopy as recommended; getting skin tests for TB; having routine tonometry testes to detect glaucoma

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18
Q

Tertiary prevention

A

consists or rehab measures after the disease or disorder has stabilized

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19
Q

tertiary prevention examples

A

Following a cardiac or respiratory rehab program; pursuing rehab programs for stroke, head injury or arthritis

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20
Q

What is the philosophy of individual worth?

A

a. The uniqueness and value of each human being who comes for care, regardless of differences that may me observed or perceived
b. Each individual has the right to live according to his/her personal beliefs and values, as long as they do not interfere with the rights of others

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21
Q

Define ethnocentrism

A

The belief that ones own culture is best; the belief that ones way of doing things is superior/right/best

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22
Q

Does it have any negative consequences?

A

Yes, prejudice

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23
Q

What are some examples of nonjudgmental thinking?

A

a. Taking the difference at face value, accepting ppl as they are and giving high quality care
b. Be aware of your own attitudes, beliefs, and values as they affect your ability to five care
c. If you do identify biases, see them for what they are
d. Become sensitive to cultural differences, and acknowledge that they exist

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24
Q

Define cultural competence

A

the continuous attempt of practical/vocational nurses to gain the knowledge and skills that will allow them to affectively provide care for pts of different cultures

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25
Q

Religious Characteristics and Practices:

Jewish:

A

a. Believe in God but don’t have a belief in Jesus Christ
b. Observation of Sabbath: provide time for rest, prayer and/or study form sunset Friday til after sunset Sat
c. Provide yarmulke or prayer shawl.

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26
Q

Religious Characteristics and Practices: Roman Catholic:

A

a. Baptism belief
b. Communion beliefs
c. sacraments

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27
Q

Religious Characteristics and Practices: Christian Science:

A

a. Believe sin causes sickness and studying eddys book and the bible will heal them
b. May believe that sickness can be overcome through prayer and spiritual understanding that God is good and the only reality
c. Healing considered as awakening to this belief

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28
Q

Religious Characteristics and Practices: Christian Science cont

A

d. There are not clergy
e. No baptism
f. Consider the Lords Supper a spiritual communion with God and may sit quietly during this time

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29
Q

Religious Characteristics and Practices: Christian Science:cont cont

A

g. No smoking or drinking alcohol

h. Don’t accept blood transfusion or surgery

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30
Q

Religious Characteristics and Practices: Muslim:

A

a. Rules of cleanliness may include eating with the right hand and cleansing self with the left hand after urinating and defacating

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31
Q

Religious Characteristics and Practices: Orthodox Jew:

A

a. Follow traditional faith and strictly adhere to rituals

b. Keeping of Sabbath

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32
Q

Religious Characteristics and Practices: Orthodox Jew:

A

c. Consider the torah and the Talmud as revealed by God

d. Don’t believe in completely integrating into modern society

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33
Q

Religious Characteristics and Practices: Jehovah’s Witness

A

a. Believe the second coming has begun
b. They don’t believe in the Trinity. Consider Jesus inferior to the God, the Father, Jehovah
c. No ordained ministers

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34
Q

Religious Characteristics and Practices: Jehovah’s Witness

A

d. No churches but worship in kingdom halls
e. Witnesses will refuse to receive whole blood products including plasma
f. Alcohol and tobacco discouraged

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35
Q

Religious Characteristics and Practices: Jehovah’s Witness

A

g. Believes the soul dies at death
h. Cremation is acceptable
i. Organ transplants are a private decision

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36
Q

Religious Characteristics and Practices: Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons):

A

a. Revelation is emphasized to establish doctrine and rituals
b. The book of Mormon contains accounts of ancient ppls in americal
c. Emphasize tithing and community welfare

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37
Q

Religious Characteristics and Practices: Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons):

A

d. Worship in temples and tabernacles
e. Adults wear undergarments at all times as a symbolic gesture of the promises to God
f. No ordained clergy

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38
Q

Religious Characteristics and Practices: Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons):

A

g. May be anointed and blessed before planned hospitalization
h. Abortion is not allowed unless mothers life indanger
i. Natural methods of birth control are allowied
j. Avoid tobacco, alcohol, coffee, tea

39
Q

Muslims and Orthodox Jews have which similar dietary restrictions

A

Don’t eat pork, ham, bacon

40
Q

Define Agnostic

A

hold the belief that the existence of God can be neither proved nor disprove

41
Q

Define spiritual distress.

A

Can be observed in pts who are unable to practice their religious rituals

42
Q

How can you as a nurse help a patient in spiritual distress?

A

Develop an awareness of the general religious philosophy of the pts belief system

43
Q

Asian Nutritional Practices

A

rice, noodles, rarely eat fruit, adults rarely consume dairy products

44
Q

Acupressure and Acupuncture are therapies based on what?

A

? Naturalistic health belief

45
Q

a. Primary illness

A

developes without being caused by another health problem

46
Q

b. Secondary illness

A

results from or is caused by a primary illness

47
Q

List and describe the stages of illness: transition stage

A

may deny feeling ill, but recognize symptoms of illness are present

48
Q

List and describe the stages of illness: acceptance stage

A

: acknowledge illness and take measures to become well

49
Q

List and describe the stages of illness: convalescence stage

A

: recovering after the illness and regaining health

50
Q
  1. According to Halbert Dunn, how is high-level wellness defined?
A

As a dynamic and active movement toward fulfillment of one’s potential

51
Q
  1. List examples of health behaviors:
A

a. Watching dietary intake to avoid becoming overweight
b. Exercising regularly
c. Obtaining available immunizations against communicable diseases
d. Performing a monthly self examiniaton of the breasts or testes

52
Q

explain what the nurse must consider if the patient does not undertake these behaviors.

A

whether there is a conflict in values between health care personnel and the patient

53
Q
  1. Describe the basic beliefs central to the holistic approach.
A

a. Is one that considers the persons biologic, psychological, sociological, and spiritual aspects and needs

54
Q
  1. Name the five areas of need as described by Abraham Maslow
A

a. Physiologic
b. Safety and security
c. Belonging and love
d. Self esteem
e. Self actualization

55
Q
  1. List and describe the stages of Hans Selye’s general adaptation syndrome (GAS). . Alarm stage:
A

hormone release mobilizes the body’s defenses

56
Q
  1. List and describe the stages of Hans Selye’s general adaptation syndrome (GAS). Stage of resistance:
A

the body is battling for equilibrium

57
Q
  1. List and describe the stages of Hans Selye’s general adaptation syndrome (GAS). . Stage of exhaustion:
A

if the stressor is severe enough or is present over a long enough time to deplete the body’s resources for adaptation

58
Q
  1. What diseases or disorders are considered to be stress related? (
A

a. Headaches, gastritis, asthma, LBP, connective tissue disease, ulcerative colitis, IBS, allergies, hypertension, cancer, sexual dysfunction, crohn disease, eating disease, infection

59
Q
  1. Name and describe the categories of voluntary actions that an individual takes to decrease the potential or actual threat of illness.

Primary prevention:

A

avoids or delays occurrence of a specific disease or disorder

60
Q
  1. Name and describe the categories of voluntary actions that an individual takes to decrease the potential or actual threat of illness. Secondary prevention:
A

consists of following guidelines for screening for diseases that are easily treated if found early for for detecting return of a disease

61
Q
  1. Name and describe the categories of voluntary actions that an individual takes to decrease the potential or actual threat of illness. Tertiary prevention:
A

consists of rehabilation measures after the disease or disorder has stabilized

62
Q
  1. Define culture :
A

a. way of life
b. total of the ever changing knowledge, ideas, thoughts, beliefs, values, communication, actions, attitudes, traditions, customs and objects that a group of people possess and the ways they have of doing things
c. standards of behavior and sets of rules to live by

63
Q

explain what is meant by cultural competence.

A

a. the continuous attempt by LPN/LVNs to gain the knowledge and skills that allow them to effectively provide care for patients of different cultures

64
Q

According to Vivian Culver, what are the nine essential daily needs of all persons? (See page 195 in your textbook.)

   a. personal care and hyiene                                                b. sleep and rest
   c. nutrition and fluids                                                           d. elimination
   e. body alignment and activity                                           f. environment
   g. emotional and spiritual support                                    g. diversion and recreation
   h. mental hygiene
A

According to Vivian Culver, what are the nine essential daily needs of all persons? (See page 195 in your textbook.)

   a. personal care and hyiene                                                b. sleep and rest
   c. nutrition and fluids                                                           d. elimination
   e. body alignment and activity                                           f. environment
   g. emotional and spiritual support                                    g. diversion and recreation
   h. mental hygiene
65
Q

According to Vivian Culver, what are the nine essential daily needs of all persons?

A

a. personal care and hygiene
b. sleep and rest
c. nutrition and fluids

66
Q

According to Vivian Culver, what are the nine essential daily needs of all persons? (See page 195 in your textbook.)

A

d. elimination
e. body alignment and activity’
f. enviroment

67
Q

According to Vivian Culver, what are the nine essential daily needs of all persons? (See page 195 in your textbook.) cont

A

g. emotional and spiritual support
h. diversin and recreation
I. mental hygiene

68
Q

Identify factors that are responsible for differences among patients. They may think and behave differently because of:

A

a. social class
b. personal class
c. religion

69
Q

Identify factors that are responsible for differences among patients.
They may think and behave differently because of: Cont..

A

d. ethnic background

e. personal choice

70
Q

What would be the first step in developing knowledge about patient differences?

A

a. to become aware of and explore your cultural patterns in these areas

71
Q

List the areas of cultural diversity.

A

a. family structure b. food preferences
c religious beliefs

72
Q

List the areas of cultural diversity.cont..

A

d. concept of time

e. communication f. educational background

73
Q

List the areas of cultural diversity. (See pages 198-203 in your textbook.) cont

A

g. economic level h. wellness and illness beliefs and practices
i. pregnancy and birth beliefs and practices
j. terminal illness and death beliefs and practices

74
Q

What is meant by the concept of time being an area of cultural diversity?

A

a. may follow clock time or live on linear time

75
Q

Name the major categories of major health belief systems.

A

a. biomedicine:
b. personalistic:
c. naturalistic:

76
Q

If you practiced the personalistic health belief system, what would you believe to be the cause of disease?

A

a. punishment by a ghost, god, evil spirit, sorcerer, ancestor spirit, witch
b. breach of taboo, sin, evil eye, curse
c. above results in soul loss or theft, possession of spirit, poisoning, curse

77
Q

define spirituality

A

has to do with experience; focuses on what happens in the heart

78
Q

b. define religion:

A

has to do with giving form to that experience; tries to make rules and capture that experience in a system

79
Q
  1. Identify patient situations that may intensify the need for spiritual care for patients and families.
A

a. hospitalization
b. pts who are in pain
c. pts who have a chronic or incurable disease

80
Q
  1. Identify patient situations that may intensify the need for spiritual care for patients and families. (See page 212 in your textbook.)
A

d. pts who are dying
e. families who have experienced the death of a loved one
f. pts who are facing an undesirable outcome of illness, such as an amputation
g. pts who have emotionally lost control of themselves

81
Q
  1. How do agnostics differ from atheists? agnostics:
A

hold the belief that the existence of God can be neither proved nor disproved

82
Q
  1. How do agnostics differ from atheists? atheists:
A

do not believe that the supernatural exists, so they do not believe in God

83
Q
  1. When a patient of the Jewish faith is dying, what beliefs, practices, and nursing interventions should you acknowledge?
    beliefs and practices:
A
  1. family and friends may want to be with the pt at all times
  2. some Jews do not believe in autopsies, embalming or cremation
  3. some Jews may not want the nurse to touch the body of a deceased Jew
84
Q
  1. When a patient of the Jewish faith is dying, what beliefs, practices, and nursing interventions should you acknowledge?
    b. Nursing interventions:
A

some Jews may request the nurse notify the burial society for preparation of the body for burial

85
Q

What are the major divisions of Christianity? (See page 219 in your textbook.)

A

a. Catholicism
b. Protestantism
c. Eastern Orthodoxy

86
Q

Give examples of Muslim beliefs that are similar to the Judeo-Christian doctrine. (See page 220 in your textbook.)

A

a. angels and prophets such as Abraham, Moses and Jesus

87
Q

List the Five Pillars that are the essential and obligatory practices all Muslims accept and follow. (See page 220 in your textbook.)

A

a. the profession of faith
b. prayer
c. almsgiving
d. fasting
e. pilgrimage

88
Q
  1. Compare the virtues emphasized among those in the Eastern worlds
A

a. self discipline and control
b. the inner nature of self
c. moderation in all things

89
Q
  1. Compare the virtues emphasized among those in the Eastern world cont…
A

d. nonattachment to worldly things
e. awareness that selfish desire is the cause of much suffering
f. tolerance of other religions and points of view

90
Q
  1. Compare the virtues emphasized among those in the Eastern and Western worlds. (See pages 221-222 in your textbook.)
A

g. respect for family, elders and authority

h. the principle of not harming any living creature

91
Q
  1. Compare the virtues emphasized among those in the Eastern and Western worlds. (See pages 221-222 in your textbook.)
A

a. the value of individual worth
b. the need to be responsible for one another, which gives the rise to many social programs
c. a personal relationship with one God that translates into love of neighbor and environment

92
Q
  1. According to the beliefs of Hinduism, how long is the cycle of life and death?
A

a. continues until the soul achieves moksha or Nirvana, the self realization and unification of the soul with the ultimate being

93
Q
  1. What are the core beliefs of Buddhism that have remained constant over time?
A

a. the Four Noble truths

b. the noble eightfold path leading to nirvana

Foundations of Nursing (1 decks)

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