Chapters 19-21 Unit Test Study Guide Flashcards
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
In Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Harriet Beecher Stowe shared ideas about the injustices of slavery, pushing back against dominant cultural beliefs about the physical and emotional capacities of black people.
Impending Crisis of the South
‘The Impending Crisis of the South’ argued that slavery was incompatible with economic progress
Bleeding Kansas
“Bleeding Kansas” was part of the political storm that occurred throughout the United States before the Civil War.
Charles Sumner
Before and during the American Civil War, he was a leading American advocate for the abolition of slavery.
1856 Election
The presidential election of 1856 was also the last time to date that a Democrat was elected to succeed a fellow Democrat as president, and the last one in which a former president ran for election to the presidency on a third party ticket until 1912, when Theodore Roosevelt ran on the Progressive Party ticket.
Nativists
Thus, nativism has become a general term for opposition to immigration which is based on fears that immigrants will “distort or spoil” existing cultural values.
Dred Scott Case
In its 1857 decision that stunned the nation, the United States Supreme Court upheld slavery in United States territories, denied the legality of black citizenship in America, and declared the Missouri Compromise to be unconstitutional.
Panic of 1857
Because of the invention of the telegraph by Samuel F. Morse in 1844, the Panic of 1857 was the first financial crisis to spread rapidly throughout the United States.
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
In the long term, the Lincoln-Douglas debates propelled Lincoln’s political career into the national spotlight, while simultaneously stifling Douglas’ career, and foreshadowing the 1860 Election.
John Brown
For abolitionists and antislavery activists, black and white, Brown emerged as a hero, a martyr, and ultimately, a harbinger of the end of slavery.
1869 Election/Lame Duck Period
The Election of 1868 was the first Presidential Election to take place after the American Civil War and was held on November 3, 1868.
Ford Sumter
The attack on Fort Sumter marked the official beginning of the American Civil War—a war that lasted four years, cost the lives of more than 620,000 Americans, and freed 3.9 million enslaved people from bondage.
Advantages/Disadvantages of the South
Advantages: The war would be fought primarily in the South, which gave the Confederates the advantages of the knowledge of the terrain and the support of the civilian population.
Disadvantages: The Confederacy’s limited transportation infrastructure and industrial base were significant disadvantages that made it difficult to supply its armies and maintain its war effort.
Advantages/Disadvantages of the North
Advantages: The principle advantages of the North included its larger population, greater industrial capacity, superior transportation networks, superior food supply, and powerful navy.
Disadvantages: Firstly, the North had less military leadership and tradition compared to the South, leading to a lack of experienced officers.
South’s beliefs about Britain
Southerners began the war effort confident that the cotton their plantations provided European textile manufacturers would naturally ally their governments to the Confederacy, especially Great Britain
Jefferson Davis
As president of the Confederate States of America throughout its existence during the American Civil War (1861–65), Jefferson Davis guided over the South’s creation of its own armed forces and acquisition of weapons.
The Civil War and the Northern Economy
The Union’s industrial and economic capacity soared during the war as the North continued its rapid industrialization to suppress the rebellion.
Bull Run
Bull Run was the first full-scale battle of the Civil War.
George McClellan
Regardless of controversy, McClellan served the Army for decades and undoubtedly contributed to Union victory in the Civil War through his creation of the Army of the Potomac and victory at the Battle of Antietam.
Peninsula Campaign
Initiated by Union Major General George B. McClellan, the purpose of the Peninsula Campaign was to advance on and capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia, via the Virginia Peninsula situated between the James and York rivers.
Antietam
The Battle of Antietam ended the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia’s first invasion into the North and led Abraham Lincoln to issue the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.
Gettysburg
The battle involved the largest number of casualties of the entire war and is often described as the war’s turning point.
Emancipation Proclamation
It added moral force to the Union cause and strengthened the Union both militarily and politically
William T. Sherman
William Tecumseh Sherman (born February 8, 1820, Lancaster, Ohio, U.S.—died February 14, 1891, New York, New York) was an American Civil War general and a major architect of modern warfare
