Chapters Flashcards
What is Data?
Raw facts that have not yet been processed.
What is Information?
The result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning.
What is Knowledge?
The body of information and facts about a specific subject.
What are the key characteristics of Knowledge?
Implies familiarity, awareness, and understanding of information as it applies to an environment. New knowledge can be derived from old knowledge.
What constitutes the building blocks of information?
Data.
How is Information produced?
By processing data.
What is the key to good decision-making?
Accurate, relevant, and timely information.
What is Data Management?
A process that focuses on data collection, storage, and retrieval.
What is a Database?
A shared, integrated computer structure that houses a collection of related data.
What are the two types of data in a Database?
End-user Data (raw facts) and Metadata (data about data characteristics and relationships).
What is a Database Management System (DBMS)?
The collection of programs that manages the database structure and controls access to the data stored in the database.
What role does a DBMS serve?
It serves as the intermediary between the user and the database.
What are some advantages of using a DBMS?
Improved data sharing, security, integration, minimized data inconsistency, improved access, decision making, and increased end-user productivity.
What is Data Inconsistency?
A condition in which different versions of the same data yield different results.
What is a Query?
A specific request issued to the DBMS for data manipulation.
What is an Ad Hoc Query?
An unplanned and flexible request for specific information from a database.
What is a Query Result Set?
The collection of data rows returned by a query.
What is Data Quality?
A comprehensive approach to ensuring the accuracy, validity, and timeliness of data.
What is a Single-User Database?
A database that supports only one user at a time.
What is a Desktop Database?
A single-user database that runs on a personal computer.
What is a Multiuser Database?
A database that supports multiple concurrent users.
What is an Enterprise Database?
The overall company data representation, which provides support for present and expected future needs.
What is a Cloud Database?
A database that is created and maintained using cloud services.
What is an Operational Database?
A database designed primarily to support a company’s day-to-day operations.
What is an Analytical Database?
A database focused primarily on storing historical data and business metrics used for decision-making.
What is Unstructured Data?
Data that exists in its original, raw state.
What is Structured Data?
Data that has been formatted to facilitate storage, use, and information generation.
What is Extensible Markup Language (XML)?
A metalanguage used to represent and manipulate data elements.
What is a NoSQL Database?
A new generation of DBMS that is not based on the traditional relational database model.
What is Data Redundancy?
Exists when the same data is stored unnecessarily at different places.
What are the major parts of a Database System?
Hardware, Software, People, Procedures, and Data.
What is Data Dictionary Management?
Stores definitions of the data elements and their relationships in a data dictionary.
What is Data Manipulation Language (DML)?
The set of commands that allows an end user to manipulate the data in the database.
What is Data Definition Language (DDL)?
The language that allows a database administrator to define the database structure.
What is a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)?
A collection of programs that manages a relational database.
What is an Entity Relationship Model (ERM)?
A data model that describes relationships among entities.
What is an Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)?
A diagram that depicts an entity-relationship model’s entities, attributes, and relations.
What is Connectivity in data models?
The type of relationship between entities, classified as 1:1, 1:M, and M:N.
