Chapters 13-15

Question 1

Informative Speeches

Answer 1

Aim to increase the audience’s understanding and knowledge of a topic

Question 2

Persuasive Speeches

Answer 2

Are intended to influence the beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors of an audience

Question 3

Special-Occasion Speeches

Answer 3

Are given at common events (like weddings and funerals), and many of us will deliver such a speech at some point in time

Question 4

Audience Analysis

Answer 4

It’s important to understand and appreciate your audience’s expectations for the speech as well as key situational factors

Question 5

Demographics

Answer 5

The quantifiable characteristics of your audience

Question 6

Psychographics

Answer 6

Psychological measures that will help you identify topics that the audience would be interested in learning about

Question 7

Homogeny

Answer 7

Seeking a common ground by determining prior exposure and considering dispositions

Question 8

You can learn more about your audience by:

Answer 8

Observing people, getting to know people, conducting interviews, using surveys, and using the internet

Question 9

Brainstorming or Clustering

Answer 9

To amass information, think creatively, and consider problems and solutions related to your topic

Question 10

Specific Purpose Statement

Answer 10

Expresses the topic and the general speech purpose in action form and in terms of the specific objectives you hope to achieve with your presentation

Question 11

Thesis Statement

Answer 11

A summary of your central idea

Question 12

Expert Testimony

Answer 12

The opinion of an authority

Question 13

Lay Testimony

Answer 13

Opinion based on personal experience

Question 14

Scientific Research Findings

Answer 14

Carry weight in topics on medicine, health, media, and the environment

Question 15

Statistics

Answer 15

Information in numerical form that can clarify your presentation

Question 16

Anecdotes

Answer 16

Relevant personal stories, bring the human experience to the speech

Question 17

Surveys

Answer 17

Will add the point of view of larger range of people

Question 18

Directory, Library Gateway, Search Engines, and Research Search Engines

Answer 18

Databases to find materials

Question 19

Credibility

Answer 19

The quality, authority, and reliability of each source you use

Question 20

Plagiarism

Answer 20

Presenting someone else’s intellectual property as your own

Question 21

Running Bibliography

Answer 21

The list of resources you have consulted

Question 22

Main Points

Answer 22

The central claims that support your specific speech purpose and your thesis statement

Question 23

Subpoints

Answer 23

Support your main points, using the statistics, stories, and other forms of research you discover on your topic

Question 24

Chronological Pattern

Answer 24

Presents main points in a systematic, time-related fashion

Question 25

Topical Pattern

Answer 25

Based on categories, such as person, place, thing, or process.

Question 26

Spatial Pattern

Answer 26

Arranges points according to physical proximity or direction from one to the next

Question 27

Problem-Solution Pattern

Answer 27

First presents an obstacle, and then gives suggestions for overcoming it

Question 28

Cause-Effect Pattern

Answer 28

Moves from the cause of a phenomenon to the results or vice versa

Question 29

Narrative Pattern

Answer 29

Uses a story line to tie points together

Question 30

Motivated Sequence Pattern

Answer 30

Uses a five-step plan to motivate listeners: attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action

Question 31

Transitions

Answer 31

Sentences that connect the points so that topics flow naturally

Question 32

Signposts

Answer 32

Key words or phrases that signify transitions

Question 33

Internal Previews

Answer 33

Primes the audience for the content immediately ahead

Question 34

Internal summaries

Answer 34

Crystalize points in one section before moving on

Question 35

Delivery Cues

Answer 35

Brief reminders about important information to your speaking outline

Question 36

Oral Citations

Answer 36

References to source materials to be included in your narrative, and should be included in your speaking outline

Question 37

Public Speaking Anxiety (PSA)

Answer 37

The nervousness we experience when we know we have to communicate publicly to an audience

Question 38

Communication Apprehension (CA)

Answer 38

The general fear or anxiety surrounding communication with others, and is a common barrier to effective delivery

Question 39

Anxiety Triggers

Answer 39

Upsetting past experiences, fear of evaluation, and distaste for attention

Question 40

Oratory

Answer 40

Speaking from memory

Question 41

Impromptu Speaking

Answer 41

Speaking spontaneously with no warning beforehand

Question 42

Extemporaneous Speaking

Answer 42

Makes speech look easy and spontaneous, but is actually based on an outline of key points and practice

Question 43

Monotone

Answer 43

No variation in voice (same tone)

Question 44

Speaking rate

Answer 44

The speed of your speech

Question 45

Pronounciation and Articulation

Answer 45

Speaking clearly: avoid mumbling

Question 46

Verbal Fillers

Answer 46

"Um, uh, ah, so, you know, okay, like," etc.

Question 47

Upspeak

Answer 47

The tendency to raise one's voice at the end of sentences

Question 48

Scanning

Answer 48

Making brief eye contact with almost everyone in the room