Chapters 13&14 (Midterm 1)

Question 1

Henry’s Law

Answer 1

The solubility of a gas in any solvent is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas

Question 2

Colligative Properties (4)

Answer 2

Depend on the collective effect of the number of solute particles, not on the properties of these particles

1. Vapor Pressure Lowering
2. Freezing Point Depression
3. Boiling Point Elevation
4. Osmotic Pressure

Question 3

Boiling Point Elevation

Answer 3

When a solute is added to a solvent, the vapor pressure becomes lower than that of the pure solvent. This lowers the vapor pressure, corresponding to a rise in the temp at 1 atm (boiling point)

Question 4

Freezing Point Depression

Answer 4

triple point of solution is lower than solvent. The freezing point of the solution is therefore lower than the pure solvent

Question 5

Vapor Pressure Lowering

Answer 5

The increase in intermolecular interactions of a solution vs pure solvent allows less escape into gaseous phase. VP is lowered.

Question 6

Solubility

Answer 6

The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in the given amount of solvent at a specified temperature

Question 7

Saturated Solution

Answer 7

A solution in dynamic equilibrium

Question 8

Unsaturated Solution

Answer 8

Solutions not containg enough solute to cause crystallization

Question 9

Supersaturated solution

Answer 9

Solutions containing more solute than normal to dissolve at a specific temp

Question 10

What Are the 3 Factors Affecting Solubility

Answer 10

1. solvent-solute interations
2. Pressure (gasses)
3. Temperature

Question 11

Solute-Solvent interaticons

Answer 11

The stronger and more similar the attractions, the more likely it is that two substances will mix

Question 12

Pressure Effects

Answer 12

The solubility of a gas is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas above a liquid solvent

Question 13

Temperature Effects

Answer 13

The solubility of solids in solvent tends to increase with temp. The solubility of gases tends to decrease w increased temp.

Question 14

Colloid

Answer 14

A solution characterized by a suspension of particles larger than individual ions or molecules but too small to be settled out of solution.

Question 15

Tyndall Effect

Answer 15

Scattering of Light through a colloidal suspension

Question 16

Brownian Motion

Answer 16

Colloidial particles in a solution undergo random motion as a result of collisions with solvent molecules

Question 17

Activation Energy

Answer 17

The minimum energy required for a reaction to tak place

Question 18

Transition State/ Activated Complex

Answer 18

The particular arrangement of atoms found at the top of the potential energy barrier as a reaction proceeds from reactants to products

Question 19

Half Life

Answer 19

The amount of time required for half of a reactant to be used up in a reaction

Question 20

First Order Rxn plot

Answer 20

ln[A] over time ; negative gradient

Question 21

Second Order Rxn plot

Answer 21

1/[A} over time; positive gradient

Question 22

Zero Order Rxn Plot

Answer 22

[A] over time; negative gradient