Chapters 11-

Question 1

The wave form pattern of a pure tone is a(n)

Answer 1

sine wave

Question 2

The sound quality that is related to the sounds clarity, “nasalness” or “reedy-ness” is

Answer 2

timbre

Question 3

The correct order of the ossicles in the middle ear (from ear drum to oval window) is

Answer 3

malleus; incus; staples

Question 4

Pitch is primarily determined by the ______ of the sound wave

Answer 4

frequency

Question 5

A complex tone can be created by starting with a pure tone, called the _______, and adding frequencies that are multiples of this first frequency

Answer 5

fundamental frequency

Question 6

______ is the property of increasing pitch that accompanies increases in the tone’s frequency

Answer 6

tone height

Question 7

The range of human hearing is between _____ Hz

Answer 7

20 and 20,000

Question 8

The bending of the cilia of the _____ causes a release of small bursts of neurotransmitter

Answer 8

inner hair cells

Question 9

Adding a 440 Hz tone to a 880 Hz tone and a 1320 Hz tone will result in

Answer 9

a complex tone

Question 10

The unit of measurement for sound wave frequency us

Answer 10

Hertz

Question 11

A sound spectrogram is a plot of ______________ as a function of _____________, with darker areas representing greater intensity.

Answer 11

frequency; time

Question 12

The ______ is the shortest segment of speech that, if changed, changes the meaning of the word.

Answer 12

phonemes

Question 13

There are _____ phonemes for vowel sounds in the English language.

Answer 13

thirteen

Question 14

Spectrograms of sentences show

Answer 14

no clear pauses or breaks between words.

Question 15

The McGurk effect illustrates the importance of ___________ on speech perception

Answer 15

vision

Question 16

Saffron et al. (1996) found that 8-month-old infants listened to ______ test stimuli longer, providing evidence that infants are capable of __________ learning.

Answer 16

part word; statistical

Question 17

A person with Wernicke’s aphasia _____.​

Answer 17

​produces fluent but incoherent speech

Question 18

Computer speech recognition is _____.​

Answer 18

poorer than human speech recognition

Question 19

Miller and Isard presented listeners with grammatical sentences (“Gadgets simplify work around the house”); ungrammatical word strings (“Between gadgets highways passengers the steal”), and anomalous sentences (“Gadgets kill passengers from the eyes”). The results showed that the listener’s ability to accurately report the phrase was _____.​

Answer 19

​highest for the grammatical condition, followed by anomalous, and then ungrammatical

Question 20

Damage to Broca’s area in the frontal lobe results in _____.​

Answer 20

slow, labored speech with jumbled sentence order.

Question 21

The nerve fibers in the spinal cord go in

Answer 21

both the medial lemniscal pathway and the spinothalamic pathway.

Question 22

The fibers from the medial lemniscal pathway and the spinothalamic pathway go to the

Answer 22

ventrolateral nucleus

Question 23

The Meissner corpuscle is associated with

Answer 23

controlling handgrip

Question 24

Experience-dependent plasticity has been found to occur for _____

Answer 24

the somatosensory, auditory, and visual systems

Question 25

The somatosensory system

Answer 25

is comprised of cutaneous sensations, proprioception, and kinesthesis.

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a mechanoreceptor?

Answer 26

Chancellor cells

Question 27

Ian Waterman was able to sense pain and temperature because his _____ pathway was intact, but could not feel touch and limb position because of damage to his _____ pathway.

Answer 27

spinothalamic; lemniscal

Question 28

Penfield mapped locations of body parts on area S1 by

Answer 28

stimulating S1 areas in humans, and asking where they felt body sensations.

Question 29

In most of our daily experience of touch, we are using _____.​

Answer 29

active touch​

Question 30

The area on S1 associated with the thumb is as large as the area for the forearm. This is an example of _____.​

Answer 30

cortical magnification

Question 31

A fifth basic taste discovered many years after the other four is

Answer 31

referred to as umami.

Question 32

____ tastes cause an autonomic acceptance response and prepares the gastrointestinal tract for these substances.

Answer 32

sweet

Question 33

The tiny bumps on the tongue that contain the taste buds are the

Answer 33

papillae

Question 34

In one study, men rated the scent of t-shirts worn by women three nights in a row. The results indicated that _____.​

Answer 34

men preferred the t-shirt scent if the woman was in the ovulatory phase of her cycle

Question 35

The “life-span” of olfactory receptors in humans is

Answer 35

5 to 7 weeks.

Question 36

Sodium nitrate results in a taste of

Answer 36

a combination of salty, sour, and bitter.

Question 37

The ____ pathway conducts signals from the front and sides of the tongue to the brain.

Answer 37

chorda tympani

Question 38

Olfactory signals from the thalamus project to

Answer 38

the insula and the frontal operculum cortex.

Question 39

The difference between “tasters” and “non-tasters” in the ability to taste PROP is due to:

Answer 39

both higher taste bud density and specialized receptors for “tasters.”

Question 40

The _____ papillae are mushroom-shaped and found on the tip and sides of the tongue.

Answer 40

fungiform