Chapters 11- Flashcards
The wave form pattern of a pure tone is a(n)
sine wave
The sound quality that is related to the sounds clarity, “nasalness” or “reedy-ness” is
timbre
The correct order of the ossicles in the middle ear (from ear drum to oval window) is
malleus; incus; staples
Pitch is primarily determined by the ______ of the sound wave
frequency
A complex tone can be created by starting with a pure tone, called the _______, and adding frequencies that are multiples of this first frequency
fundamental frequency
______ is the property of increasing pitch that accompanies increases in the tone’s frequency
tone height
The range of human hearing is between _____ Hz
20 and 20,000
The bending of the cilia of the _____ causes a release of small bursts of neurotransmitter
inner hair cells
Adding a 440 Hz tone to a 880 Hz tone and a 1320 Hz tone will result in
a complex tone
The unit of measurement for sound wave frequency us
Hertz
A sound spectrogram is a plot of ______________ as a function of _____________, with darker areas representing greater intensity.
frequency; time
The ______ is the shortest segment of speech that, if changed, changes the meaning of the word.
phonemes
There are _____ phonemes for vowel sounds in the English language.
thirteen
Spectrograms of sentences show
no clear pauses or breaks between words.
The McGurk effect illustrates the importance of ___________ on speech perception
vision
Saffron et al. (1996) found that 8-month-old infants listened to ______ test stimuli longer, providing evidence that infants are capable of __________ learning.
part word; statistical
A person with Wernicke’s aphasia _____.
produces fluent but incoherent speech
Computer speech recognition is _____.
poorer than human speech recognition
Miller and Isard presented listeners with grammatical sentences (“Gadgets simplify work around the house”); ungrammatical word strings (“Between gadgets highways passengers the steal”), and anomalous sentences (“Gadgets kill passengers from the eyes”). The results showed that the listener’s ability to accurately report the phrase was _____.
highest for the grammatical condition, followed by anomalous, and then ungrammatical
Damage to Broca’s area in the frontal lobe results in _____.
slow, labored speech with jumbled sentence order.
The nerve fibers in the spinal cord go in
both the medial lemniscal pathway and the spinothalamic pathway.
The fibers from the medial lemniscal pathway and the spinothalamic pathway go to the
ventrolateral nucleus
The Meissner corpuscle is associated with
controlling handgrip
Experience-dependent plasticity has been found to occur for _____
the somatosensory, auditory, and visual systems
The somatosensory system
is comprised of cutaneous sensations, proprioception, and kinesthesis.
Which of the following is NOT a mechanoreceptor?
Chancellor cells
Ian Waterman was able to sense pain and temperature because his _____ pathway was intact, but could not feel touch and limb position because of damage to his _____ pathway.
spinothalamic; lemniscal
Penfield mapped locations of body parts on area S1 by
stimulating S1 areas in humans, and asking where they felt body sensations.
In most of our daily experience of touch, we are using _____.
active touch
The area on S1 associated with the thumb is as large as the area for the forearm. This is an example of _____.
cortical magnification
A fifth basic taste discovered many years after the other four is
referred to as umami.
____ tastes cause an autonomic acceptance response and prepares the gastrointestinal tract for these substances.
sweet
The tiny bumps on the tongue that contain the taste buds are the
papillae
In one study, men rated the scent of t-shirts worn by women three nights in a row. The results indicated that _____.
men preferred the t-shirt scent if the woman was in the ovulatory phase of her cycle
The “life-span” of olfactory receptors in humans is
5 to 7 weeks.
Sodium nitrate results in a taste of
a combination of salty, sour, and bitter.
The ____ pathway conducts signals from the front and sides of the tongue to the brain.
chorda tympani
Olfactory signals from the thalamus project to
the insula and the frontal operculum cortex.
The difference between “tasters” and “non-tasters” in the ability to taste PROP is due to:
both higher taste bud density and specialized receptors for “tasters.”
The _____ papillae are mushroom-shaped and found on the tip and sides of the tongue.
fungiform
