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AP European History > Chapters 11/12- The Later Middle Ages And Renaissance > Flashcards

Chapters 11/12- The Later Middle Ages And Renaissance Flashcards

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1
Q

Where did the bubonic plague originate?

A

Asia

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2
Q

How much did European population decline on account of the Black Death?

A

25-50%

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3
Q

In the 100 Years War, which English King laid claim to the French throne?

A

Edward lll

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4
Q

What battle seemed to have indicated an overall English victory in the 100 years war?

A

Battle of Agincourt, resulting in the temporary peace of Brétigny.

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5
Q

Where did Joan of Arc ask Edward lll to send her and an army against the English?

A

Orléans.

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6
Q

What happened to the Great Council under the reign of Edward lll?

A

Became House of Lords and formed hereditary body of peers in Parliament.

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7
Q

What did the “Golden Bull” of 1356 Germany allow?

A

Gave seven electors power to choose “King of the Romans”.

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8
Q

How were Italy and Germany politically similar in the 1300s?

A

Both regions failed to develop a centralized state with a king.

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9
Q

In 1300s Venice, who held the real executive power?

A

Council of Ten.

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10
Q

What major effect did the Great Schism have?

A

Heavily damaged faith of Christians.

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11
Q

What 1400s theologians said that reason could not prove the existence of God?

A

Thomas Aquinas and William of Occam.

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12
Q

What was the major work of Giovanni Boccaccio and when was it set?

A

“Decameron”- set in Florence during the Black Death.

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13
Q

What were the major works of Dante Alighieri and what were they about?

A

“Inferno,” “Divine Comedy”- a summary of medieval divine thoughts, including obsession with salvation.

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14
Q

What were the major inventions of the high Middle Ages?

A

Clock, eyeglasses, cotton paper, along with the adaptation of Chinese gunpowder and cannons.

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15
Q

Lord-vassal relationship

A

Money payments substituted for military service- prevalent in Middle Ages.

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16
Q

Renaissance

A

Rebirth of Classic Greek and Roman ideas and culture in the 1400s-late 1500s.

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17
Q

Which family dominated Florence economy during the renaissance?

A

Medici family.

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18
Q

How did Italian sponsors acquire enough money to fund Renaissance projects?

A

Trade

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19
Q

The French Third Estate was made up of _____ in the 1400s.

A

Made up of peasants.

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20
Q

How did people get married in Renaissance Italy?

A

Marriages were arranged.

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21
Q

What were the five major states of Renaissance Italy?

A

Naples, Papal States, Venice, Florence and Milan.

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22
Q

What was Machiavelli known for?

A

“The Prince,” described how to rule by taking advantage of man’s evil nature and making yourself look good while doing the dirty work behind the scenes.

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23
Q

Who was Johannes Gutenberg?

A

Inventor of the movable type printing press; printed the first book, Gutenberg’s Bible.

24
Q

Which two Renaissance artists sculpted David?

A

Donatello and Michelangelo.

25
Q

Who were the 4 major Renaissance painters?

A

Michelangelo, Raphael, da Vinci, and Boticelli.

26
Q

Where was the War of the Roses?

A

England.

27
Q

Who was the Byzantine Empire destroyed by?

A

Ottoman Turks, 1453.

28
Q

John Wyclif

A

Pre-Protestant advocated against papal structure and emphasized translating Biblical works to the vernacular.

29
Q

Hanseatic League

A

North European network of merchant guilds and market towns; powerful trade empire.

30
Q

Petrarch

A

Renaissance writer- first to classify the “Middle Ages,” and as a dark time.

31
Q

King Edward lll.

A

King who started the 100 Years War by laying claim to the French throne.

32
Q

Who painted the Sistine Chapel?

A

Michelangelo.

33
Q

Jan Hus

A

Theologian who spoke out against the church- executed at Council of Constance 1415.

34
Q

Pogroms

A

Mass burnings of Jews at the stake in Germany during the Black Plague after they were blamed for poisoning wells.

35
Q

Jacquerie

A

Group of peasants at the end of the Black Plague who revolted when the government tried to restrict their growing wealth.

36
Q

Peace of Brétigny

A

Temporary peace during the 100 years war with England’s apparent win- French paid a fee and gave England the right to live in Gascony.

37
Q

Treaty of Troyes

A

When English King Henry V made temporary peace with France when he married the daughter of the King and became the heir to the French throne.

38
Q

Scutage

A

Mid-1400s English nobles’ payment to bands of fighters as private armies.

39
Q

House of Commons

A

Under English Edward lll parliament to regulate money use derived from House of Lords.

40
Q

War of the Roses

A

English civil war between the two houses York and Lancaster in the late 1300s.

41
Q

Estates-General

A

French parliament including the nobles, clergy and the Third Estate (everyone else).

42
Q

Taille & gabelle

A

Hearth & salt taxes on French middle class during the 100 years war.

43
Q

Golden Bull

A

Edict under HRE Charles lV that stated nobles elected Emperors.

44
Q

Popolo grasso

A

“Fat people” Italy’s wealthy merchant class

45
Q

Grandi

A

Italian nobles

46
Q

Ordinances of Justice

A

Florentine constitution set up by the popolo grasso 1293 that centered around 7 wealthy guilds.

47
Q

Council of Ten

A

Venician merchant-dominated Senate.

48
Q

Unam Sanctum

A

1302 Pope Boniface Vlll’s decree that spiritual authority was higher than any King, excommunicated French King Philip lV.

49
Q

Great Schism

A

When both Italian and French cardinals elected two separate popes in Rome and Avignon- lasted 40 years.

50
Q

Conciliarism

A

Belief that a general council was needed to have authority over the pope.

51
Q

Council of Constance

A

1418 ended the Great Schism by electing Pope Martin V.

52
Q

Mysticism

A

Focused on oneness with God’s spirit rather than church litergy.

53
Q

Modern Devotion

A

Introduced by German Gerard Groote, the emphasis on imitating Jesus, not Pope.

54
Q

Nominalist

A

Idea presented by Thomas Aquinas and William of Occam that reason couldn’t prove God’s existence.

55
Q

4 Humors

A

Blood-heart-air

P

AP European History (2 decks)

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