Chapters 10-12 Flashcards
Perspective on Motivation
Instinct Theory (Evolutionary aspect)
Hierarchy of Needs/Motives
Drive Reduction Theory
Arousal (optimization) Theory
Motivation
A need or desire that ENERGIZES behavior and directs it towards a goal
Instinct
A fixed (rigid and predictable) pattern of behavior that is not acquired by learning and is likely to be rooted in genes and the body
Ex: Human “nesting” behavior
Instinctual nesting
Drive
An aroused/tense state related to a physical need such as hunger or thirst
Drive Reduction Theory
Refers to the idea that humans are motivated to reduce these drives, such as eating to reduce feelings of hunger. Resorts in homeostasis.
Homeostasis
A steady internal state
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Arousal levels can help performance but too much arousal can interfere with performance.
Hunger process
Receptors in the digestive system monitor levels of glucose and send signals to hypothalamus which then can send out appetite stimulating hormones to tell the body to eat
After you eat what happens?
The hypothalamus sends appetite-stimulating hormones and later, after eating sends appetite-suppressing hormones. Hormones travel from various organs of the body back to the brain to convey messages that increase or decrease appetite
Social Facilitation
The presence of others accentuates our typical eating habits
Unit Bias
We may eat only one serving/unit (scoop, plateful, bun-full) of food, but we will way more if the serving size is larger.
Buffett Effect
We eat more if more options are available
3 Influences on Eating Behavior
Biological Influences
Psychological Influences
Social-Cultural influences
Set Point
The stable weight the body keeps returning to.
Autonomy
Self government
