Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Political Science > Chapters 10,11,12 > Flashcards

Chapters 10,11,12 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Pocket Veto

A

A veto exercised by the president after congress has adjourned; if the president takes no action for ten days, the bill does not become law and is not returned to congress for a possible override.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Whip

A

The party leader who is the liaison between the leadership and the rank-in-file in the legislature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Open Rule

A

A set of regulations for debate on the floor of the House of Representatives which permits general debate and allows members to offer amendments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Closed Rule

A

A procedural rule in the House of Representatives that prohibits any amendments to bills or provides that only members of the committee reporting that bill may offer amendments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Enumerated powers

A

The powers explicitly given to Congress in the Constitution. Otherwise known as expressed powers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Implied Powers

A

Powers authorized by the Constitution which, while not stated, seem to be implied by powers expressly stated. Example: income tax, getting rid of penny, and military drafting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

“Necessary and proper” Clause

A

A clause located in Article I, section 8 of the Constitution, which grants Congress the power to create laws or otherwise to act where the Constitution does not give it the explicit authority to act. Also known as the elastic clause.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Reapportionment

A

The assigning by Congress of congressional seats after each census. States legislatures reapportion state legislative districts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Redistricting

A

The redrawing of congressional and other legislative district laws following the census to accommodate population shifts and districts as equal as possible in population.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

1) Gerrymandering

2) What are the two types?

A

1) The drawing of legislative district boundaries to benefit a party, group, or incumbent.
2) Cracking: Which the majority party uses to break a strong minority party into pieces to be merged with other districts, thereby reducing the minority party’s strength in that one district.
Packing: Which merged pieces of the majority party in its weak districts into a single, strong district.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Safe Seat

A

An elected office that is predictably won by one party or the other, so the success of that party’s candidate is taken for granted.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Incumbent

A

The current holder of elected office.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Filibuster

A

A procedural practice in the senate whereby a senator refuses to relinquish the floor and thereby delays proceedings and prevents a vote on a controversial issue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cloture

A

A procedure for terminating debate, especially filibusters, in the Senate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Standing Committee

A

A permanent committee established in a legislature, usually focusing on a policy area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Special or select committee

A

A congressional committee created for a specific purpose, sometime to conduct an investigation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Joint Committee

A

A committee composed of members of both the House of Reprentatives and the Senate; such committee oversee the Library of Congress and conduct investigations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

“Servicing the district”

A

When politicians help out their constituents.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Earmarks/pork

A

Special spending projects that are set aside on behalf of individual members of Congress for their constituents.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Constituents

A

The residents of a congressional district or state.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Rider

A

A provision attached to a bill–to which it may or may not be related–in order to secure its passage or defeat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Conference Committee

A

A committee appointed by the presiding officers of each chamber to adjust differences on a particular bill passed by each in different form.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Seniority Rule

A

A legislative practice that assigns the chair of a committee or subcommittee to the member of the majority party with the longest continuous service on the committee.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Delegate

A

An official who is expected to represent the views of his or her constituents even when personally holding different views; one interpretation of the role of legislator.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Trustee

A

An official who is expected to vote independently based on his or her judgement of the circumstances; one interpretation of the role of legislator.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Logrolling

A

Mutual aid and vote trading among legislators.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

17th Amendment

A

Took the right to elect US senators away from state legislators and gave it to the voters in every state.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Article I

A

Establishes a bicameral Congress, with a House of Representatives and Senate and empowers it to enact legislation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Unanimous Consent

A

An agreement by all members present on something requiring a “yes” or “no” decision.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

House Rules Committee

A

The most powerful commitee. Decides the rules governing the length of the floor debate on any legislative issue and sets limits on the number and kinds of floor amendments that will be allowed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How many Senators are there in Congress?

A

100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How many Representatives are there in the house?

A

435

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the terms of Senators?

A

6 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the terms for Representatives?

A

2 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Every 2 years, who is up for reelection?

A

All House of Representatives &

1/3 of Senate must run.

35
Q

What are the functions of Congress?

A

1) The power to raise, make and borrow money.
2) The power to regulate commerce.
3) The power to unify and expand the country.
4) The power to prepare for and declare war.
5) The power to create the federal judiciary.

36
Q

What are some specific functions of each chamber?

A

House of Representatives: pass federal legislation bills (although they must also be passed by the Senate and signed by the President), initiate revenue bills, impeaching officials, and electing the US President (ONLY if neither presidential candidates gets majority vote)

Senate: Consenting to treaties, making trials for impeached officials, and electing the US Vice President (ONLY if neither candidates gets majority vote)

37
Q

What is the most important factor in how a member of Congress votes?

A

Constituent Influence

38
Q

What action can Congress take if President vetoes a legislation?

A

It is returned to the chamber in which the bill originated, but that chamber may choose to override the president’s veto, although overriding requires a 2/3 vote of both houses.

39
Q

Leaders of the House of Representatives

A

1) The Speaker: The presiding officer in the house of representatives, formally elected by the house but selected by the majority party. Has the power to reward and punish individual members, set the legislative agenda, influence congressional campaigns, and control the flow of potentially controversial floor debates. He or she also decides who gets to speak.
2) Majority Leader: Helps plan party strategy, conifers with other parties leaders, and tries to keep members of the party in line. Controlled by whip.
3) Minority Leader: Makes sure members are present for important pieces of legislature. Controlled by whip.

40
Q

Leaders in the Senate

A

1) Senate Majority Leader: Elected by the majority party and considered to be the national spokesperson.
2) President Pro Tempore: Elected by the majority party to act as chair in the absence of Vice President.

41
Q

Whip

A

The party leader who is the liaison between the leadership and the rank-in-file in the legislator.

42
Q

Executive Agreement

A

A formal agreement between the US president and the leaders of other nations that does not require Senate approval.

43
Q

Treaties

A

Formal, public agreements between the United States and one or more nations that must be approved by two-thirds of the Senate.

44
Q

Veto

A

A formal decision to reject a bill passed by Congress.

45
Q

Inherent Powers

A

Powers that grow out of the very existence of government.

46
Q

State of the Union Address

A

The president’s annual statement to Congress and the nation.

47
Q

Presidential Ticket

A

The joint listing of presidential and vice-presidential candidates on the same ballot, as required by the 12th Amendment

48
Q

Impeachment/Removal

A

A formal accusation against the president or another public official; the first step in removal from office.

49
Q

Executive Privilege

A

The right to keep executive communications confidential, especially if they relate to national security.

50
Q

Executive Order

A

Formal orders to government or an agency or agencies as a whole that carry the force of law issued by the president to direct action by the federal bureaucracy.

51
Q

Cabinet

A

The advisory council for the president, consisting of the heads of the executive departments, the Vice President, and a few other officials elected by the President.

52
Q

Mandate

A

A president’s claim a broad public support.

53
Q

Executive Office of the President (EOP)

A

The cluster of presidential staff agencies that help the president carry out his or her responsibilities. Currently, the office includes the office of Management and Budget, the Council of Economic Advisers, and several other units.

54
Q

Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

A

A presidential staff agency that serves as a clearinghouse for budgetary request and management improvements for government agencies.

55
Q

25th Amendment

A

Provides procedures for filling vacancies in the vice presidency and for determining whether presidents are unable to perform their duties.

56
Q

22nd Amendment

A

Sets the presidential term limit to two.

57
Q

Rally Points

A

A rise in public approval of the president that follows a crisis as Americans “rally around the flag” and the chief executive.

“When president is doing good, approval rate goes up for your brief time.”

58
Q

“Take Care” Clause

A

Refers to a clause listed in the Constitution that imposes a duty on the president to take due care while executing laws.

59
Q

Article II

A

Proposes the executive branch.

60
Q

War Powers Resolution of 1973

A

A federal law intended to check the president’s power to commit the United States to an armed conflict without the consent of Congress.

61
Q

Succession Act of 1947

A

A law that restored Congressional officers to places directly after the Vice President, with Speaker of the House first followed by the President pro tempore.

62
Q

Balance the Ticket

A

When a political candidate chooses a running mate, usually at the same party, with the goal of bringing more widespread appeal to the campaign.

63
Q

White House Staff

A

Consist of the Chief of Staff (who leads the staff and is considered to be the president’s most loyal assistant), The president’s chief lawyer, speech writers, legislative liaison staff, and press secretary.

Political Offices: Designed to help the president run for reelection, controll the national party, and shape the presidents image through press conferences, television and radio addresses, travel and polling.

64
Q

Express Powers

A

As known as enumerated powers = The powers explicitly given to Congress in the Constitution.

65
Q

Implied Powers

A

The power to “make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.”

-Framers gave Congress implied powers.

66
Q

Census

A

The exact number of districts assigned to each state is determined by the national census. Of the population taken every 10 years which is also a specified in the Constitution.

67
Q

Conference Committee

A

A committee appointed by the presiding officers of each chamber to adjust differences on a particular bill passed by each in different form.

68
Q

15 Cabinet Level Departments

A

1) State
2) Treasury
3) Justice
4) Defense

69
Q

Hatch Act 1939

A

Prohibits civil servants in participating in politics while on duty.

70
Q

Merit System

A

A system of public employment in which selection and promotion depend on demonstrated performance rather than political patronage.

(Must take a test and interview)

71
Q

Spoils System

A

A system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends.

72
Q

The Office of Personnel Management (OPM)

A

An agency that administers civil service laws and regulations.

73
Q

Bureaucracy

A

A form of organization that operates through impersonal, uniform regulations and procedures.

74
Q

Bureaucrat

A

A negative term for describing a career government employee.

75
Q

Government Corporation

A

A government agency that is designed like a business Corporation, and is created to secure greater freedom of action and flexibility for particular program.

76
Q

What two bosses does bureaucracy have?

A

1) President: Patronge, Office of Management and Budget, Reorganization, and Oversight.
2) Congress: Confirmation, Budget, Creates, Oversight.

(neither completely control executive branch)

77
Q

Oversight / Two types of Oversight

A

1) Legislative or executive review of a particular government program or organization that can be in response to a crisis of some kind of part of the routine review.
2) Two types of Oversight:
- Police Patrol (in which the two branches watch them bureaucracy through a routine pattern)
- Fire Alarm (fixing; FEMA)

78
Q

What are some advantages of a bureaucracy?

A

1) Ability to organize a large tasks.

2) Concentration of the specialized talent. (Must be really good at what you do, that’s why you got the job.)

79
Q

“Red Tape”

A

Rules and regulations that bureaucracy has to follow.

80
Q

Patronage

A

Dispensing of government jobs to persons who belong to the winning political party.

81
Q

Implementation

A

The process of putting a law into practice through bureaucratic regulations or spending.

1) Regulations
2) Raising Revenue
- Taxes
3) Spending

82
Q

Rule-making process

A

The process for creating regulations, comes near the end of the policymaking process and is virtually invisible to most citizens.

83
Q

Entitlement Program

A

Program such as unemployment insurance, disaster relief, or disability payments that provides benefits are eligible citizens.

84
Q

Uncontrollable Spending

A

The portion of the federal budget that is spent on previously enacted programs, such as Social Security, that the president and Congress are unwilling to cut.

85
Q

Senior Executive Service

A

Established by Congress in 1978 as a flexible, mobile corps of senior career executives who work closely with presidential appointees to manage government.

86
Q

Jobs of the President

A

1) Commander in Chief
(Congress can make decisions based on military. Pres. is the only person who can order a nuclear strike.)

2) Diplomat in Chief
- Diplomatic recognition
- Proposal and ratification treaties.
- Executive agreements

3) Chief Administrator
- Powers of appointment and removal

4) Chief Legislator
-Executive order (ex. sending Japanese-American to camps)
-Power to inform Congress
“State of Union Address”
a) Getting Legislation Passed
b) Saying “NO” to Legislation

5) President as Agenda Setter
- Economic Policy
- Domestic Policy
- National Security Policy

6) Chief of State
- President symbol

Political Science (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions