Chapters 1 thru 3 - Exam 1 Flashcards
Cave of Crystals is located where?
Naica, Mexico
What is significant about Cave of Crystals?
Miners drilled 1000 feet down in cave to find that the cave was full of giant gypsum crystals with the largest being 3 stories tall and weighing 55 tons.
The crystals were created by
What minerals did people use to fashion weapons and tools during the Stone Age?
Flint and Chert
What is the composition of the alloy bronze?
Copper and tin combined
What mineral is iron extracted from?
Hematite
Formal name for the study of minerals
Mineralogy
What mineral is the source for the silicon for computer chips?
quartz
What 5 characteristics are used to define a mineral?
- Natural occurring (occur in nature, no synthetics)
- Inorganic (no hydrocarbons)
- Orderly crystalline structure (atom arrangement)
- Solid
- Chemical composition that allows for some variation
What does an inorganic compound mean?
It is not derived from living things and does not contain hydrocarbons.
What is an exception to the characteristic of being inorganic for minerals?
Materials secreted by marine animals such as calcium carbonate (calcite) to form shells and coral reefs sometimes become buried and become part of the rock.
If they the animal secreted mineral becomes part of the rock record then it is considered a mineral.
What mineral is this?
Sodium chloride
Found in table salt
What mineral is this?
Quartz which consists of silicon (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms in a 1:2 ratio
What arrangement are mineral atoms?
Repetitive and orderly atomic structures
What atom arrangement would a substance like glass have?
Unordered or irregular atomic structures
What is any solid mass of mineral, or mineral-like, matter that occurs naturally as part of our planet?
Rocks
The rock limestone is made up of which mineral?
Impure mass of calcite
What minerals make up a granite rock?
Quartz
Hornblende
Feldspar
Which of the following are not classified as minerals?
a. gold
b. liquid water
c. synthetic diamonds
d. ice
e. wood
a. gold
d. ice
How do rocks differ from minerals?
Rocks are aggregates of combinations of many minerals.
Minerals are the bits and pieces that make up rocks.
What is the smallest particle that exists as an element?
Atom
Atoms are made up of?
Protons and neutrons
Where are an atoms protons and neutrons located?
Nucleus
An atom’s nucleus is surrounded by?
Electrons
Protons and neutrons are very dense particles with almost identical masses.
True or False
True
What is an electrons negligible mass compared to a proton?
1/2000 of a proton
Studies of the arrangements of electrons show they they move about the nucleus in regions called?
Principal Shells
What type of electrons does the outer most principal shell hold?
Valence electrons
What is unique about the outer-shell electrons?
They can be transferred to or shared with other atoms to form chemical bonds.
Most atoms in the universe were created inside massive stars by which process?
Nuclear fusion
Atoms that are not bonded to other atoms and have a full complement of electrons are called?
Free Atoms
How are elements defined?
By the number of protons
Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom to determine the atom’s chemical nature is denoted by?
Atomic Number
How many naturally occurring elements are there?
About 90 elements
How many protons do carbon atoms have?
6 protons
How many protons do nitrogen atoms have?
7 protons
How many protons do oxygen atoms have?
8 protons
On the periodic table, elements with similar properties are aligned how?
In columns and are referred to as groups
Which number is the atomic number?
5
Which number is the atomic mass?
10.81
Substances composed of atoms of two or more elements held together by chemical bonds are what type of compounds?
Chemical compounds
What are three examples of chemical compounds?
Quarts (SiO2)
Halite (NaCl)
Calcite (CaCO3)
