Chapters 1 and 2 Test

Question 1

What is the Environment?

Answer 1

The sum of all the conditions surrounding us that influence life (“Everything that isn’t me”)

Question 2

4 Types of Ecosystem Services

Answer 2

Provisioning, Regulating, Supporting, Cultural

Question 3

Provisioning

Answer 3

describe the material or energy outputs from ecosystems

Question 4

Regulating

Answer 4

provide by acting as regulators (photosynthesis, pollination)

Question 5

Supporting

Answer 5

Maintain the conditions for life on Earth (biomass production, maintaining genetic diversity)

Question 6

Cultural

Answer 6

Benefit humans through spiritual enrichment, reflection, recreation, and aesthetic experience

Question 7

Sustainability

Answer 7

Living on Earth in a way that allows humans to use its resources without depriving future generations of those resources (taking for what is needed, leaving enough to replenish)

Question 8

5 Global Environmental Indicators

Answer 8

1. Biological diversity
2. Food production
3. Average global surface temperature and CO2 concentration
4. Human population
5. Resource depletion

Question 9

Tragedy of the Commons

Answer 9

Resources used by everyone and owned by no one become depleted (Common property and open-access renewable resources degraded from overuse

Question 10

What entails your ecological footprint?

Answer 10

Measure of how much an individual consumes, expressed in an area of land (growth or production, consumption, getting rid of wastes)

Question 11

Precision

Answer 11

How close the repeated measurements of a sample are to one another

Question 12

Accuracy

Answer 12

How close a measured value is to the actual or true value

Question 13

4 Root Causes of Environmental Problems

Answer 13

1. Population Growth
2. Unsustainable Resource Use
3. Poverty
4. Excluding environmental costs from market prices

Question 14

5 steps of scientific method

Answer 14

1. Observe and question
2. Hypothesis
3. Experimentation/ Data collection
4. Interpret results/ draw a conclusion
5. Disseminate findings

Question 15

What is half-life?

Answer 15

Time it takes for one-half of an original radioactive parent atom to decay

Question 16

First Law of Thermodynamics (Law of Conservation of Energy)

Answer 16

Whenever energy is converted from one form to another in a physical or chemical change, no energy is created or destroyed

Question 17

Second Law of Thermodynamics (Law of Increased Entropy)

Answer 17

Energy always goes from a more useful to a less useful form when it changes from one form to another

Question 18

Positive feedback loops

Answer 18

Change in a system is amplified in the same direction

Question 19

Negative feedback loops

Answer 19

System responds to a change by returning to its original state, or by decreasing the rate at which the change is occurring.

Question 20

How to fix Tragedy of the Commons?

Answer 20

1. Regulate access to resources to decrease yield and promote sustainability
2. Convert open-access to private ownership