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Neurobiology > Chapters 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Chapters 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Hippocrates century

A

400 BC

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2
Q

Hippocrates contributions

A

Father of Western Medicine, brain involved in sensation and seat of intelligence, no dissections

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3
Q

Aristotle century

A

300 BC

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4
Q

Aristotle contributions

A

Father of Comparative Anatomy, Plato’s student, hear is the center of intelligence, BRAIN IS TO COOL THE BLOOD

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5
Q

Galen century

A

200 AD

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6
Q

Galen contribution

A

Greek physician to gladiators, animal dissections, agreed with Hippocrates, theory about fluid in ventricles causes movement

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7
Q

Andreas Vesalius century

A

1500’s

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8
Q

Andreas Vesalius contribution

A

Anatomist, added significant detail to anatomical renderings of the brain, still focused on ventricles

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9
Q

Descartes century

A

1600’s

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10
Q

Descartes contribution

A

the “mind” (human) is a spiritual entity that speaks to the brain via the pineal gland, mathametician and philosopher, human and animal brains use fluid mechanics to function

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11
Q

Galvani century

A

1780

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12
Q

Galvani contribution

A

Frog legs twitch with electricity

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13
Q

Bell & Magendie century

A

1811, 1822

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14
Q

Bell & Magendie contribution

A

Hypothesized nerves carry different types of info, cut the ventral root= paralysis (Bell), cut the dorsal root=problems with sensation(MAGENDIE)

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15
Q

Flourens century

A

19th century (1800’s)

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16
Q

Flourens contribution

A

Shape of skull not correlated to shape of brain, ablation experiments (destroy cerebellum, disrupt movement)

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17
Q

Gall century

A

19th century (1800’s)

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18
Q

Gall contribution

A

PHRENOLOGY, gyri and sulci are distinct organs w/ different functions, size determines how well they work, beginning to study localization

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19
Q

Broca century

A

19th century (1800’s)

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20
Q

Broca contribution

A

Broca’s area, frontal lobe lesion responsible for speech

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21
Q

Schwann century

A

1839

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22
Q

Schwann contribution

A

Cell Theory

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23
Q

Reticular Theory

A

Neurons are on e continuous network of tubes

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24
Q

Cell Theory

A

Tissue has discrete units called cells

25
Q

Molecular neuroscience

A

Study at the most elementary level

26
Q

Cellular Neuorscience

A

how molecules work together to make different types f neurons; development; neuronal computations

27
Q

Systems Neuroscience

A

Visual, motor, touch, etc.

28
Q

Behavioral Neuroscience

A

Why we behave the way we do

29
Q

Cognitive Neuroscience

A

how the activity of the brain creates the mind, study of higher-level thinking

30
Q

Function of Neurons

A

Cells that store and process information

31
Q

Function of Glia

A

Supports the activities of neurons, supportive cell, glue, very abundant

32
Q

Light Microscope

A

Not powerful enough to visualize the gaps between neurons, solution about .1um

33
Q

Tissue “fixing”

A

Hardens tissue without disrupting its structure, Hardens or “fixes” tissues by immersing them in formaldehyde

34
Q

Microtome

A

Makes very thin slices to view under miscroscope

35
Q

Nissl Stain

A

Stains “Nissl bodies” (rough ER in cell bodies), put very thin slice of tissue under the microscope, only stain the cell bodies, helped study cellular composition of neuronal tissue

36
Q

Golgi Stain

A

Silver chromate stain, visualization of soma and neurites, helped form the reticular theory

37
Q

Electron Microscope

A

Can now see that neurites of different neurons are not continuous, resolution about .1 nm

38
Q

Reticular theory vs Neuron theory

A

Golgi reticular theory = single continuous network
Cajal neuron doctrine = discrete units/cells that communicate by contact, not continuity
The difference is that Cajal says cells communicate by CONTACT not because it’s a continuous network

39
Q

Explain the processes involved in gene expression and protein synthesis

A
40
Q

Nucleus

A
41
Q

Ribosome

A
42
Q

Rough ER

A
43
Q

Smooth ER

A
44
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A
45
Q

Mitochondria

A

Powerhouse of the cell

46
Q

Neuronal membrane

A
47
Q

Microtubules (location, function, composition)

A
48
Q

Microfilaments (location, function, composition)

A
49
Q

Neurofilaments (location, function, composition)

A
50
Q

Structure of the axon hillock and axon

A
51
Q

Structure of axon terminal (terminal bouton)

A
52
Q

Define axoplasmic transport

A
53
Q

Basic function of a neuron’s dendrites

A
54
Q

Astrocytes (location and function)

A
55
Q

Oligodendroglia (location and function)

A
56
Q

Schwann Cells (location and function)

A
57
Q

Ependymal Cells (location and function)

A
58
Q

Microglia (location and function)

A
59
Q

Scientific Method

A

Observation, Replication, Interpretation, Verification (ORIV)

Neurobiology (1 decks)

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