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Multicultural Counseling > Chapters 1-8 > Flashcards

Chapters 1-8 Flashcards

1
Q

Antiracist

A

A person with a nonracist identity who advocates and actively intervenes when injustice makes its presence felt at the individual, institutional, and societal levels

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2
Q

Behavioral resistance

A

Resistance that entails paralysis or inaction in the presence of discrimination from majority group individuals

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3
Q

Cognitive resistance

A

A form of intellectual denial in which individuals from the majority group provide alternative reasons or excuses to explain incidences of racism, oppression, or discrimination

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4
Q

Cultural competence

A

The awareness, knowledge, and skills needed to function effectively with culturally diverse populations

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5
Q

Emotional affirmation

A

Occurs when individuals from marginalized groups feel their lives experiences of oppression and discrimination has been heard, acknowledged, understood, and validated

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6
Q

Emotional invalidation

A

When individuals negate or dismiss the lived experiences of oppression and discrimination of marginalized groups

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7
Q

Emotional resistance

A

A defensive maneuver that entails emotions such as guilt or anger, that block self-exploration

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8
Q

Microaggression

A

The everyday slights, put-downs and insults directed to socially devalued group members by well-intentioned people who may be unaware that they have engaged in such biased and harmful behaviors

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9
Q

Nested/embedded emotions

A

Unacknowledged emotions regarding one’s thoughts about race, culture, or gender

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10
Q

Nonracist

A

Individuals who own up to their biases, and acknowledge their past oppressive attitudes and actions

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11
Q

Worldview

A

Composed of people’s attitudes, values, and beliefs that affect how people think, define events, make decisions, and behave

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12
Q

Collectivism

A

A philosophy that the psychosocial unit of identity resides in the family, group or collective society

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13
Q

Cultural humility

A

A complementary component to cultural competence associated with an open attitudinal stance or a multiculturalist open orientation without consideration of cultural differences

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14
Q

Cultural incompetence

A

When counselors unwittingly impose their standards of normality and abnormality upon cultural diverse clients without consideration of cultural differences.

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15
Q

Cultural relativism

A

The belief that cultural differences must be considered in the diagnosis and treatment of culturally diverse groups

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16
Q

Cultural-bound syndromes

A

Mental diagnosis unique to various cultures.

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17
Q

Emic

A

The belief that human beings share overwhelming commonalities and that the manifestation and treatment of disorders are similar across all cultures and societies

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18
Q

Etic (fix)

A

The belief that human beings share overwhelming commonalities and that the manifestation and treatment of disorders are similar across all cultures and societies.

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19
Q

Group level of identity

A

Identity associated with group membership

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20
Q

Individual level of identity

A

Identity which acknowledges that no two individuals are alike, because people are unique and do not share the same experiences in life

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21
Q

Knowledge

A

The presence of accurate information about diverse groups

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22
Q

Multicultural counseling/therapy

A

A helping role and a process that uses modalities and defines goals consistent with the life experiences and cultural values of diverse clients

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23
Q

Personalismo

A

A Latino/a cultural orientation whereby people relationships are more valued over institutional obligations and responsibilities

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24
Q

Skills

A

Specific expertise and ability to effectively utilize therapies and knowledge to help clients from cultures different from the therapist

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25
Q

Social justice

A

Active engagement and action in working toward equal access and opportunity for all people and in fighting injustice in all its forms.

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26
Q

Universal level of identity

A

Identity that acknowledges people have a universal level of identity, are similar to one another, originate from the same species, and share qualities that make them human

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27
Q

Communication styles

A

Characteristics of communication associated with race, gender, and other group identities often manifested in verbal and nonverbal communication language

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28
Q

Cultural values

A

Values held in common by a cultural group

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29
Q

Historical stereotypes

A

Stereotypes which are ruled by the historical relationship between cultural groups.

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30
Q

Interracial/interethnic bias

A

The bias that a person of one racial/ethnic group harbors for members of another racial/ethnic group which can be ruled by erroneous stereotypes or negative experiences.

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31
Q

Interracial/interethnic Conflict

A

There are differences between interracial groups that are infrequently publicly aired because of possible political ramifications for group unity

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32
Q

Interracial/interethnic discrimination

A

The discrimination that is extended to a racial/ethnic group or member by another racial/ethnic group or member

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33
Q

Interracial/interethnic group relations

A

This pertains to the historical and current relationships between racial/ethnic groups

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34
Q

Model minority

A

A socially marginalized group that is deemed to have been successful in U.S. society

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35
Q

Racial/ethnic identity

A

The identity one forms as a member of a racial or ethnic group

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36
Q

Cultural encapsulation

A

Counselors who are culturally unaware and who operate in isolation from a broader cultural context

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37
Q

Cultural paranoia

A

Used to describe the guardedness, suspiciousness and mistrust of marginalized group members toward majority group members

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38
Q

Generally deficient model

A

Belief that people of color are inferior by virtue of their biological makeup

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39
Q

Paranorm

A

Used to describe the norm of cultural paranoia, which has proven to be a survival mechanism among people of color

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40
Q

Scientific racism

A

Racial attitudes and beliefs expressed under the guise of science and scientific findings

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41
Q

Social justice counseling

A

Counseling that operates from an active philosophy and approach to producing conditions that allow for equal access and opportunity

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42
Q

Attractiveness

A

Based upon how similar the clients is to the counselor

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43
Q

Color blindness

A

When whites profess to not see the “color” of persons of color

44
Q

Credibility

A

People who perceived as possessing expertness and trustworthiness

45
Q

Cultural oppression

A

When members of the dominant culture impose their standards upon culturally diverse populations without regard for differences

46
Q

Ethnocentric monoculturalism

A

Refers to a belief in the superiority of one’s group’s cultural heritage over another, and the imposition of those standards upon the less powerful group

47
Q

Institutional racism

A

A set of institutional policies, and priorities, designed to subjugate, oppress, and force dependence of individuals and groups on the larger society

48
Q

Invisible veil

A

The invisibility of people’s values and beliefs which are outside the levels of conscious awareness

49
Q

Locus of control

A

Refers to people’s beliefs about the degree of control they have over their life circumstances

50
Q

Locus of responsibility

A

Refers to the degree of responsibility or blame placed on the individual or system

51
Q

Playing it cool

A

A survival mechanism to appear serene while concealing one’s true feelings of anger and frustration toward oppressors

52
Q

The authority set

A

A psychological orientation that attributes higher credibility to people who occupy a particular legitimate position

53
Q

The consistency set

A

A psychological orientation toward accepting or rejecting information based upon whether it is consistent with other opinions, beliefs, or behaviors

54
Q

The economic set

A

A psychological orientation most concerned with the perceived rewards and punishments that a source is able to deliver

55
Q

The identity set

A

A psychological orientation that makes information credible if it is consistent with one’s group identity

56
Q

The problem-solving set

A

A psychological orientation toward obtaining correct information that has adaptive value in the real world

57
Q

Uncle Tom syndrome

A

A survival mechanism used by people of color to appear docile,
Nonassertive, and happy-go-lucky

58
Q

Unintentional racism

A

Racism and unconscious bias that is invisible to those who perpetuate it

59
Q

Victim blaming

A

Explanations that attribute blame to margins group members for their status in life when the cause is due to external barriers such as bias and discrimination

60
Q

White privilege

A

The unearned advantages and privileges that accrue to people of light-colored skin

61
Q

Ableism

A

Negative bias toward people with disabilities

62
Q

Aversive racism

A

A form of subtle and unintentional racism

63
Q

Covert sexism

A

Unequal and harmful treatment of women that is conducted in a hidden manner

64
Q

Heterosexism

A

Cultural ideology that assumes heterosexuality to be the societal norm and distinctively superior to homosexuality

65
Q

Homonegativity

A

Includes homophobia and cultural attitudes that devalue sexual minorities

66
Q

Islamaphobia

A

Prejudice directed toward Muslim individuals or followers of Islam

67
Q

Microassault

A

Blatant verbal, nonverbal, or environmental attacks intended to convey discriminatory and biased sentiments

68
Q

Microinsult

A

Behaviors or verbal comments that convey rudeness or insensitivity or demean a person’s group identity heritage

69
Q

Microinvalidation

A

Verbal comments or behaviors that exclude, negate, or dismiss the psychological thoughts, feelings, or experiential reality of the target group

70
Q

Overt sexism

A

Blatant unequal and unfair treatment of women

71
Q

Subtle sexism

A

Unequal and unfair treatment of women that is embedded in our culture and often perceived as normal appropriate behaviors

72
Q

Transphobia

A

Prejudice against transgendered individuals

73
Q

Activity dimension

A

A reference of how different cultural groups lie in their action orientation from one of “doing” and influencing the world, to one of “being” or living in harmony with nature

74
Q

Class-bound values

A

Socioeconomic values that permeate counseling and psychotherapy and may prove disadvantageous to clients from poverty or less affluent situations

75
Q

Culture-bound values

A

Traditional western counseling and therapy are seen to possess the values of the dominant culture

76
Q

Egalitarian roles

A

When roles are based on equality between genders

77
Q

Emotional expressiveness

A

The value placed on clients who are encouraged to express their feelings and to verbalize their emotional reactions

78
Q

Family systems

A

This compromises the system that makes up the family and includes structural alliances and communication patterns

79
Q

Individual centered

A

A culture-bound value in mental health practice in which the individual is the psychological unit of operation and independence and autonomy are the primary goal of treatment

80
Q

Individualism

A

One of the primary values of U.S. culture and society and refers to valuing independence

81
Q

Linguistic barriers

A

Language barriers often place culturally diverse clients at a disadvantage because counseling is usually provided in standard English

82
Q

Minority standard time

A

A reference to how people from situations of poverty often perceived time, and the resultant effects it has on behavior

83
Q

Nature of people dimension

A

A reference to how different culture groups view human nature

84
Q

Patriarchal roles

A

A division of roles where males are given greater status, prestige and influence in the family and society

85
Q

QUOID

A

An acronym for clients less preferred by mental health professionals and stands for quiet, ugly, old, indigent, and dissimilar culturally

86
Q

Relational dimension

A

A reference to cultural group relations and whether they are more collateral or individualistic in orientation

87
Q

Scientific empiricism

A

Western value placed on empiricism which involves objective, rational, linear, thinking as the means to define and solve problems

88
Q

Social class

A

Refers to where one falls on the socioeconomic spectrum

89
Q

Time dimension

A

How different societies, cultures, and people view time can be divided into being past, present, or future oriented

90
Q

YAVIS syndrome

A

An acronym meant to indicate counselor preference for clients who are young, attractive, verbal, intelligent, and successful

91
Q

High/ low context communication

A

Reference to whether a person relies more on the context to interpret the meaning or the content of the message

92
Q

High-context cultures

A

Communications that rely more on the context to interpret the meaning of messages

93
Q

Kinesics

A

The study of how bodily movements that include facial expression, posture, characteristics of movements, gestures, and eye contact orientation affect interpersonal transactions

94
Q

Low-context cultures (LC)

A

Communications that rely more on the content of what is said to interpret the meaning of the message

95
Q

Nonverbals as reflection of bias

A

Nonverbal behaviors that are likely to reflect the unconscious biases or attitudes of the person

96
Q

Nonverbals as triggers to bias

A

Nonverbal behaviors that may trigger racist stereotypes and fears in the individual

97
Q

Paralanguage

A

The study of how vocal cues such as loudness of voice, pauses, silences, hesitations, rate of speech, and inflection affect communication

98
Q

Playing the dozens

A

Considered by many blacks to be the highest form of verbal provocation and impromptu speaking

99
Q

Proxemics

A

The study of how sociodemographic identities affect the use of conversing distances and their meanings

100
Q

Therapeutic style

A

The helping style of the therapist as influenced by their theoretical orientation, race, gender and other variables

101
Q

Woofing

A

Among some black Americans, it refers to a form of verbal banter which is and exchange of threats and challenges to fight

102
Q

Culturally deficient model

A

Belief that people of color are inferior because they were culturally disadvantaged, deficient, or deprived of a white middle-class upbringing

103
Q

Culture-bound training

A

Multicultural training that reflects only one cultural perspective, usually the white, EuroAmerican, middle-class perspective

104
Q

Culturally diverse model

A

Belief that all cultures are valued and that diversity should not indicate whether one group’s cultural heritage is better than another’s

105
Q

Cultural deprivation

A

The belief that groups of color are “culturally deprived” because the lack white middle-class values

106
Q

Stereotype threat

A

When an individual of a marginalized group fear inadvertently confirming a mistaken notion about their group

107
Q

Socially marginalized groups

A

These are groups that are excluded from the dominant social order and are often linked to another culture and social status

Multicultural Counseling (1 decks)

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