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6th Grade Science > Chapters 1-8 > Flashcards

Chapters 1-8 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is science a way of?

A

Learning about the world.

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2
Q

What is a possible explanation for a set of observations or answer to a scientific question?

A

Hypothesis

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3
Q

When you explain or interpret the things that you observe you are what?

A

Inferring

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4
Q

A well-tested explanation for a wide range of observations or experimental results is a what?

A

Scientific theory

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5
Q

A factor that can change in an experiment is called what?

A

A variable

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6
Q

An experiment in which only one variable is manipulated at a time is called what?

A

Controlled experiment

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7
Q

In an experiment, the one variable that is purposely changed to test a hypothesis is called the what?

A

Manipulated variable

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8
Q

The factor that may change in response to the manipulated variable is called the what?

A

Responding variable

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9
Q

The sharing of ideas and experimental findings with others through writing and speaking is called what?

A

Communicating

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10
Q

What would an oceanographer most likely study?

A

Hydrosphere

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11
Q

What would an astronomer study?

A

Space and planets in solar system.

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12
Q

What would a geologist study?

A

Lithosphere as well as the Earth’s history

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13
Q

An environmental scientist would study what?

A

The biosphere and how humans affect the Earth

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14
Q

What would a meteorologist study?

A

Atmosphere as well as Earth’s weather and climate

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15
Q

What wears away the Earth’s surface?

A

Destructive forces

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16
Q

What builds up the Earth’s surfaces?

A

Constructive forces

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17
Q

What are models used for by scientists?

A

To represent processes that are too large or to small to observe

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18
Q

Why do scientists use a simulation model?

A

To imitate something in the real world

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19
Q

What do people use to change the world around them to meet their needs or to solve practical problems?

A

Technology

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20
Q

On topographic map, contour lines connect what?

A

Points of equal (the same) elevation

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21
Q

Contour intervals tell you what?

A

How change in relief there is between each contour line

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22
Q

An index contour can be used to what?

A

T find the elevation of a feature on a topographic map

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23
Q

How is the index contour marked

A

In even number of units I.e. 100m or 1550m

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24
Q

The topography of an area depends on these 3 things

A

Landforms, elevation and relief

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25
Q

Relief is what?

A

The difference in elevation between the highest and lowest parts of an area

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26
Q

What are landforms?

A

Physical structure of land such as mountains, plains, plateaus, rivers and lakes valleys

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27
Q

What is elevation?

A

How high the area is above sea level

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28
Q

What is a landform made up of?

A

Flat or gently rolling land

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29
Q

What is an example of a relief?

A

Plain

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30
Q

What is the main difference between a coastal plain and an interior plain?

A

Elevation

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31
Q

A landform of flat or gently rolling land at high elevation is a what?

A

Plateau

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32
Q

Landform with great relief and elevation is a what?

A

Mountain

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33
Q

What is a hemisphere?

A

One half of the sphere that makes up the Earth’s surface

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34
Q

Northern/Southern hemispheres are determined by the what?

A

Equator( the imaginary line that circles the Earth halfway between the poles and is at 0 Latitude)

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35
Q

Western/Eastern hemisphere is determined by what?

A

Prime meridian (the imaginary lines that runs North/South through Greenwich England and is 0 Longitude)

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36
Q

How high does the Longitude lines number to?

A

180 degrees

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37
Q

Latitude lines are measured up to what number?

A

90 degrees

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38
Q

A map is a what?

A

Model of all Earth’s surface as seen from above

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39
Q

A map’s scale relates to what?

A

Distance on the map to distance on Earth’s surface

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40
Q

What is a key on the map?

A

A list of all the maps symbols

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41
Q

A framework of lines that helps show landmasses correctly on a flat surface is called what?

A

Map projection

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42
Q

What are the lines that ru. Up and down the map called?

A

Longitude lines

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43
Q

What are the lines that run across the map left to right called?

A

Latitude lines

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44
Q

A Mercator map projection has distortion toward what?

A

Poles and latitude and longitude lines in a rectangular grid

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45
Q

A Equal map projection has distortion near what?

A

Edges, straight latitude lines and curved longitude lines

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46
Q

A Conic map projection has little distortion when what?

A

Showing a small area, straight longitude lines and curved latitude lines

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47
Q

What process do map makers use to convert the location of map points to numbers?

A

Digitizing

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48
Q

Satellite images are made up of what?

A

Thousands of tiny dots called pixels which store data about the land surfaces

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49
Q

A group of mountain ranges in one area is called what?

A

Mountain system

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50
Q

Mountain systems can make up what?

A

Mountain belts

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51
Q

What is a scientific law?

A

A statement of what scientists expect to happen every time under a certain set of conditions

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52
Q

A system is a what?

A

Group of parts that work together as a whole

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53
Q

For safety reason you should never carry out what alone?

A

Field investigation

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54
Q

Someone who studies the solar system is called what?

A

Astronomer

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55
Q

A person trained to to use both technology and scientific knowledge to solve practical problems is called what?

A

An engineer

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56
Q

A large area of land where topography is similar is called what?

A

Landform region

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57
Q

The elevation between one contour line and the next is called what?

A

Contour interval

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58
Q

A landform that is high elevation and more or less level surface is called what?

A

Plateau

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59
Q

When writing a location based upon latitude and longitude which do you write first?

A

Latitude first with the degrees and the direction followed by the longitude With the degrees and direction

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60
Q

What is density?

A

Property of a mineral that compares its mass to volume (mass/volume)

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61
Q

A narrow channel or slab of a mineral that is sharply different from surrounding rock is called what?

A

A vein

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62
Q

The minerals that make up most of Earth’s crust is called?

A

Rock forming minerals

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63
Q

The mineral quartz is used to make what?

A

Glass as well as in some electronics

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64
Q

The rocks what is the look and feel of the rock?

A

Texture

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65
Q

A prospector is a person who searches for what?

A

Ore deposit

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66
Q

A minor works to do what?

A

Remove the ore from the Earth

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67
Q

What is smelting?

A

Process of removing useful metals from ore containing the metals

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68
Q

What is the process of smelting?

A

Crushed, mixed with limestone and coke and then put in blast furnace

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69
Q

The heating of the ore to a very high temperature in the blast furnace does what?

A

Heat the iron so that it melts and separates from the other elements in the ore

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70
Q

What do you do with the Molten metal?

A

Collect it

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71
Q

How would you describe gemstones?

A

Hard colorful minerals that have brilliant or glassy luster

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72
Q

What are Gemstones used for?

A

Jewelry as well as some electronics and industrial tools

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73
Q

What is an alloy?

A

A mixture of two or more elements in which at least one element is a metal

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74
Q

Steel is an example of a useful what?

A

Alloy

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75
Q

There are 5 properties of a mineral. Name them

A

Hardness, density, streak, crystal structure and luster

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76
Q

True or false…color alone can be used to identify a mineral?

A

False! Only a few minerals always have their own characteristic color

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77
Q

Who invented a system to describe and compare hardness of minerals?

A

Friedrich Mohs

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78
Q

There are 5 ways to describe a mineral’s luster. Name them

A

Earthy, shiny, waxy, metallic and pearly

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79
Q

A mineral that splits apart easily along flat surfaces has the property called?

A

Cleavage

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80
Q

When rocks break in random patterns its called a what?

A

Fracture

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81
Q

The size of a mineral’s crystals depends on what?

A

The rate of cooling of the magma or solution from which the mineral formed

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82
Q

There are 6 types of crystal shapes. Name them

A

Cubic, hexagonal, tetragonal, triclinic, orthorhombic and monoclinic

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83
Q

Can minerals form when hot water solution cools and the minerals crystallize?

A

Yes

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84
Q

A vast majority of minerals are what?

A

Compounds

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85
Q

There are 3 main groups of rocks. Name them

A

Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic

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86
Q

How does Igneous rock form?

A

From magma or lava that cools

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87
Q

Igneous rocks are classified how?

A

According to their origin, texture and mineral make up

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88
Q

Porphyry is an igneous rock that has large crystals surrounded by what?

A

Smaller crystals

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89
Q

Obsidian is also a igneous rock but it lacks crystal structure and is more like what?

A

Glass

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90
Q

True or false…Igneous rocks are either extrusion or intrusive?

A

True

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91
Q

Extrusive rocks form from lava that cools rapidly where?

A

Earth’s surface

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92
Q

Intrusive rocks form from magma cooling where?

A

Beneath Earth’s surface

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93
Q

What are the 3 types of Sedimentary rocks?

A

Clastic, organic and chemical

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94
Q

What are examples of Sedimentary rock? There are 6

A

Conglomerate, sandstone, limestone, shale, breccia, as well as coal

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95
Q

How do you know a substance is Organic?

A

If it came from materials that were once living

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96
Q

Organic rock form from what?

A

Layering of the remains of once living things

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97
Q

Give 2 examples of organic rock

A

Coal and limestone

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98
Q

Erosion and deposition play roles in what?

A

The formation of sedimentary rock

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99
Q

What is Erosion?

A

Wearing away of rock on Earth’s surface

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100
Q

How does deposition happen?

A

When sediment for erosion slows down and settles in layers

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101
Q

What is compaction?

A

More layers form the upper layers compact the lower layers

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102
Q

What is Cementation?

A

When dissolved minerals seep between the particles of compacted sediment and as the minerals crystallize the rock is cemented together

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103
Q

Metamorphic rock form when what happens?

A

Other types of rock undergo some type of change due to pressure and heat

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104
Q

True or false….Do most metamorphic rock form underground?

A

True

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105
Q

Do heat and pressure deep in the Earth change any rock into a metamorphic rock?

A

Yes

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106
Q

True or False… Slate is a metamorphic rock formed from shale

A

True

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107
Q

Metamorphic rocks that have their grains arranged in parallel layers or bands are called what?

A

Foliated

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108
Q

Slate, gneiss and schist are examples of what rock?

A

Foliated metamorphic rock

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109
Q

Metamorphic rocks with grains arranged in a random pattern are called what?

A

Non-foliated

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110
Q

Marble and quartz are examples of what rock?

A

Non-foliated metamorphic rock

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111
Q

How are Coral Reefs formed?

A

From skeletons of marine animals that live together in warm shallow ocean water

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112
Q

Limestone that begins as coral can be found on what?

A

Continents

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113
Q

Ore is a rock that contains a metal or mineral that can be what?

A

Sold at a profit

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114
Q

Igneous rock may have similar mineral composition yet have different what?

A

Texture

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115
Q

What is the series of processes that change rock from one type to another?

A

Rock cycles

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116
Q

Table salt is a what?

A

Halite

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117
Q

What is a Scientific Theory?

A

A well tested concept that explains a wide range of observations

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118
Q

Geologists study what?

A

The forces that make and shape the planet Earth

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119
Q

Indirect evidence used by geologists to study the structure of the Earth include what?

A

Rocks from the mantle, rocks from the deep crust and seismic waves

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120
Q

True or False…Geologists use the speed and the path a seismic wave takes to reveal information about the structure of Earth

A

True

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121
Q

Heat can transfer in 3 ways. What are they?

A

Radiation, transfer and convection

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122
Q

Radiation is a method of heat that doesn’t need what to occur?

A

Matter

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123
Q

Transfer of energy by direct contact is called what?

A

Conduction

124
Q

Transfer of heat in a fluid is called what?

A

Convection

125
Q

In a convection current the warmer less dense fluid rises to the top and the cooler denser sinks where?

A

The bottom

126
Q

Where do the currents occur?

A

In the mantle and the outer core of the Earth

127
Q

True or False… The Earth doesn’t have a magnetic field around it.

A

False..the Earth does have magnetic field

128
Q

When does the magnetic field around the Earth switch directions?

A

Every 800,000 years

129
Q

What is the name of the supercontinent?

A

Pangaea

130
Q

The layers of the Earth include:

A

Crust, upper mantle, (lithosphere, asthenosphere) lower mantle, outer core, inner core

131
Q

As you go deeper into the Earth, 2 things happen. What are they?

A

Pressure and temperature increase

132
Q

What is the relatively soft layer of the upper mantle called?

A

Asthenosphere

133
Q

Is the outer core of Earth liquid?

A

Yes

134
Q

What is the inner core made up of?

A

Metals, iron and nickel

135
Q

Does the lithosphere include all of the crust and part of the mantle?

A

Yes

136
Q

True or False…The mantle and the outer core have convection currents caused by the heat of the interior of the Earth?

A

True

137
Q

If the Earth’s interior cools down what will happen?

A

The convection currents in the mantle will stop

138
Q

The asthenosphere is part of what?

A

The mantle that can bend like plastic

139
Q

Oceanic crust is mostly what?

A

Basalt

140
Q

Continental crust consists mainly of what?

A

Rock granite

141
Q

Earth’s lithosphere is broken into separate sections called what?

A

Plates

142
Q

What is it called when 2 plates come together?

A

Convergent boundary

143
Q

A transform boundary is what?

A

Where two plates slip past each other

144
Q

Where does a Rift Valley form

A

Along a divergent boundary on land

145
Q

What is a fault?

A

A break in Earth’s crust where rocks have slipped past each other

146
Q

Alfred Wegener first proposed what?

A

The theory of Continental drift

147
Q

Evidence of continental drift comes from what?

A

Land features, fossils and climate

148
Q

Fossils of tropical plants found on an island in the Arctic Ocean are evidence for what?

A

Wegener’s hypothesis of Continental drift

149
Q

Was Wegener’s theory rejected?

A

Yes

150
Q

What is a fossil?

A

Any trace of an ancient organism preserved in rock

151
Q

Scientist rejected Wegener’s theory because why?

A

He could not explain what force pushes and pulls continents

152
Q

What did Harry Hess do?

A

Studied sea floor spreading and suggested that Wegener’s theory was probably correct.

153
Q

The process that continually adds new material to the ocean floor is what?

A

Sea floor spreading

154
Q

During sea floor spreading what occurs?

A

Molton material erupts through the valley of the mid-ocean ridge

155
Q

This eruption of molten material forms a new what?

A

Rock which pushes older rock outward away from the ridge

156
Q

As oceanic crust moves away from the mid-ocean ridge what happens?

A

It cools and becomes denser

157
Q

What is Density?

A

A measure of how much mass there is in a volume of a substance (mass/volume)

158
Q

The place where the oceanic crust returns to the mantle is called what?

A

A deep ocean trench

159
Q

Subduction is what?

A

Process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath trenches, takes place at deep ocean trenches

160
Q

What is Sea floor spreading causing?

A

The Atlantic Ocean to get wider and the Pacific Ocean to get smaller

161
Q

What is the evidence for sea floor spreading?

A

Matching patterns of magnetic strips in the ocean floor, volcanic eruptions along mid ocean ridges, older rock found farther from mid ocean ridges and young found closer

162
Q

What is Sonar used for?

A

It’s a device that bounces sound waves off underwater objects

163
Q

Sonar was used to map what?

A

The mid ocean ridges and deep ocean trenches of Earth

164
Q

Plate tectonics is the theory that explains what?

A

The formation, movement, and subduction of Earth’s plates

165
Q

Plate tectonics is driven by what?

A

Energy from Earth’s interior

166
Q

True or False… There are very few earthquakes every day

A

False…there are thousands worldwide every day

167
Q

What is the layer called where earthquakes occur?

A

Lithosphere

168
Q

A ____________design decreases the amount of energy that reaches the building during an earthquake

A

Base isolated

169
Q

A _______that acts on rock to change its shape or volume is called stress

A

Force

170
Q

A break in the crust where plates slip past each other is called what?

A

Fault

171
Q

Where do most faults occur?

A

Along plate boundaries

172
Q

A __________forms when rocks on either side of the fault move sideways past each other

A

Strike slip fault

173
Q

The type of stress that pushes masses of rock sideways in opposite directions is called what?

A

Shearing

174
Q

Shearing creates a strike slip fault and will occur where?

A

Along a transform boundary

175
Q

The type of stress that pulls rock apart is what?

A

Tension and this will form a normal fault

176
Q

When the hanging wall moves downward relative to the footwall is what?

A

A normal fault

177
Q

A type of stress that pushes rock together is called what?

A

Compression. This will cause a reverse fault

178
Q

When the hanging wall moves upward relative to the footwall what is this?

A

Reverse fault

179
Q

The motion of rocks along a fault is dependent upon what?

A

Friction between both sides of the fault

180
Q

Seismic waves are?

A

P waves S waves and Surface waves

181
Q

What is a P wave?

A

Primary wave

182
Q

What is an S wave?

A

Secondary waves

183
Q

What are some things you know about P waves?

A

They are fastest, travel through medium, arrive at seismograph first. They are longitude waves. They travel by compressing and expanding like an accordian

184
Q

What do you know about S waves?

A

Arrive at seismograph after P waves, they begin as transverse waves and can only travel through solid medium. They vibrate the ground both side to side and up and down

185
Q

Surface waves are a combination of what 2 waves?

A

P and S waves

186
Q

What do you know about surface waves?

A

Much slower than either P or S waves, will do a lot of damage to structure of Earth. They move both up and down as well as side to side, can cause the Earth to move like ocean waves

187
Q

What is the Epicenter of an earthquake?

A

Area on the surface of the Earth directly above the focus

188
Q

Where does an earthquake become triggered?

A

At the focus point beneath the Earth’s surface

189
Q

By drawing circles to show distances from 3 seismograph stations, geologists can locate what?

A

Epicenter of an earthquake

190
Q

Folding of the crust result from compression and can produce what?

A

Anticlines and synclines

191
Q

Magnitude relates to what?

A

The strength of an earthquake

192
Q

An instrument used to measure and record ground movements during an earthquake is called what?

A

Seismograph

193
Q

_________occurs when an earthquake’s shaking turns loose soil into mud

A

Liquefaction

194
Q

Tsunami is not a seismic wave but does what?

A

Result from the displacement of water caused by an earthquake beneath the ocean floor

195
Q

What are the 3 scales that measure earthquakes?

A

Mercalli, richter, and moment magnitude

196
Q

Mercalli scale rates what?

A

The level of damage caused by an earthquake

197
Q

Richter scale rates what?

A

The magnitude of an earthquake

198
Q

The Moment magnitude scale estimates what?

A

Total energy released by an earthquake

199
Q

What 3 devices are used to monitor faults?

A

GPS satellites creep meters, tilt meters, and laser ranging

200
Q

A large area of flat land is elevated high above sea level is known as a what?

A

Plateau

201
Q

What United States area has the highest risk of earthquakes?

A

Pacific coast

202
Q

What is an aftershock?

A

An earthquake that occurs after a large earthquake in the same area

203
Q

Substance that can’t be broken down into another substance is what?

A

An element

204
Q

A compound is what?

A

A substance made up of two or more elements

205
Q

Any substance that can flow is called what?

A

Fluid, fluids include liquids (water) and gases (air)

206
Q

True or False…Fluids have viscosity

A

True

207
Q

A ________is a weak spot in the crust where Molton material or magma comes to the surface?

A

Volcano

208
Q

Where can occur?

A

At converging boundaries and diverging boundaries

209
Q

What is the Ring of Fire?

A

A belt of volcanos around the rim of the Pacific Ocean

210
Q

Molton rock, gases and water in the mantle are called what?

A

Magma

211
Q

Molton rock, gases and water that reach the surface of Earth are called what?

A

Lava

212
Q

True or False…the more Silica that magma contains, the thicker the magma is?

A

True

213
Q

What are the 2 types of lava?

A

Pahoehoe and Aa

214
Q

Magma from explosive eruption is what?

A

Thick and sticky, high velocity and is high in silica

215
Q

________is a fast moving type of lava

A

Pahoehoe

216
Q

_______is a cool, slow moving type of lava

A

Aa

217
Q

2 types of lava that are produced during quiet eruptions

A

Pahoehoe and Aa

218
Q

Layers of thin, runny lava that flow over a wide area before they cool and harden can build up a what?

A

Lava plateau

219
Q

What is a hot spot?

A

Area where magma melts through the crust in the middle of a plate

220
Q

Hawaiian Islands are an example of what?

A

Volcanos that formed over hot spots

221
Q

Inside a volcano, magma collects Ina pocket called what?

A

Magma chamber

222
Q

Why does Liquid magma flow upward through crust?

A

Because it is less dense than the solid material around it

223
Q

Force from expanding gases pushes what?

A

Magma chamber through the pipe and out of the vent

224
Q

An explosive eruption of hot gases, ash, cinders and bombs is called what?

A

Pyroclastic flow

225
Q

How is an earthquake termed quiet or explosive?

A

By the amount of silica and viscosity of the lava

226
Q

What makes volcanic soils fertile?

A

Potassium and phosphorus

227
Q

A volcano that is erupting or has shown signs that it may erupt in the future is called what?

A

Active

228
Q

Will an extinct volcano ever erupt again?

A

No

229
Q

How does a volcanic neck form?

A

When magma hardens in a volcano’s pipe and is later exposed

230
Q

What is a dike?

A

A slab that forms when magma forces itself across rock layers

231
Q

What is a sill?

A

A slab that forms when magma squeezes between layers of rock

232
Q

________is a mass of rock that formed when magma cooled inside the crust

A

Batholiths

233
Q

Landforms created from lava and ash include 3 volcanos and 1 plateau. What are they?

A

Shield,cinder cone volcano, composite, lava plateau

234
Q

What is a shield volcano?

A

I a gently sloping mountain formed by repeated lava flows

235
Q

What is a cinder cone volcano?

A

Cone shaped mountain formed from ash, cinders and bombs

236
Q

What is a composite volcano?

A

Mountain formed by lava flows alternating with explosive eruptions.

237
Q

What is a Lava plateau?

A

High level area formed by repeated lava flows

238
Q

A string of volcanos that follow the curve of a deep ocean trench is called what?

A

Island arc

239
Q

Tilt meters, ground water temperature, the release of gases from the ground, and small earthquake are all measured to monitor what?

A

Volcanos

240
Q

Yellowstone Park is located over what?

A

A continental hot spot

241
Q

When does a caldera form?

A

When the magma chamber empties and the top of a mountain collapses

242
Q

Old Faithful at Yellowstone National Park is an example of what?

A

Geyser

243
Q

What is a geyser?

A

Hot water and steam that erupts from the ground

244
Q

What is Geothermal energy?

A

Energy that comes from water heated underground by magma

245
Q

Natural resources are what?

A

Things from the environment that humans use

246
Q

The loose, weathered material on Earth’s surface in which plants grow is called what?

A

Soil

247
Q

What is a soil horizon?

A

Is a layer os soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below

248
Q

_________can be found wherever weathering occurs

A

Soil

249
Q

When is the value of soil diminished?

A

When soil loses nutrients or lost due to erosion

250
Q

What is topsoil made up of?

A

A mixture of humus clay and other materials

251
Q

Soil is made up of equal parts of what?

A

Clay, sand and silt called loam

252
Q

The best soil for growing plants is what?

A

Loam, topsoil is mostly loam

253
Q

Soil particles from largest to smallest are

A

Gravel, sand, silt and clay

254
Q

Subsoil is a layer of what?

A

Soil made mostly of clay and other particles, with very little humus

255
Q

How does humus form?

A

From decayed plant and animal remains

256
Q

Litter is made up of what?

A

Loose leaves and other plant material

257
Q

What caused the dust bowl?

A

Soil loose on the Southern Great Plains

258
Q

Movement of rock particles by wind, water, ice, or gravity is called what?

A

Erosion

259
Q

Fungi, bacteria and worms are soil what’s?

A

Decomposers

260
Q

The process that breaks down rocks and other materials at Earth’s surface is called?

A

Weathering

261
Q

The rate of weathering depends on the type of what?

A

Rock and on the climate

262
Q

The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried by wind, water or ice is called….

A

Abrasion which is one form or mechanical weathering

263
Q

Tell some of the ways mechanical weathering happens

A

Ice wedging, release of pressure, abrasion, and animal action

264
Q

Plant roots that force cracks are also a form of what?

A

Mechanical weathering

265
Q

If a rock has jagged edges over time what happens?

A

Edges become smooth due to weathering

266
Q

The breakdown of rock through chemical changes is called what?

A

Chemical weathering

267
Q

When a material contains air spaces that allow water to seep through it is called what?

A

Permeable

268
Q

How is acid formed?

A

When carbon dioxide is dissolved in rainwater and sinks into soil

269
Q

Oxygen weathers rocks through the process called what?

A

Oxidation. It causes things to rust

270
Q

Most important agent of chemical weathering is what?

A

Water

271
Q

Water dissolves rock minerals in ________weathering

A

Chemical

272
Q

Lichens are an example of a living organism involved in _______weathering

A

Chemical

273
Q

George Washington Carver taught what in early 1930’s?

A

Methods of soil conservation

274
Q

What methods were they?

A

Crop rotation, planting different crops in a field

275
Q

What is it called when you plow along the curves of a slope?

A

Contour plowing

276
Q

Natural resources are what?

A

Things from the environment that humans use

277
Q

The loose, weathered material on Earth’s surface in which plants grow is called what?

A

Soil

278
Q

What is a soil horizon?

A

Is a layer os soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below

279
Q

_________can be found wherever weathering occurs

A

Soil

280
Q

When is the value of soil diminished?

A

When soil loses nutrients or lost due to erosion

281
Q

What is topsoil made up of?

A

A mixture of humus clay and other materials

282
Q

Soil is made up of equal parts of what?

A

Clay, sand and silt called loam

283
Q

The best soil for growing plants is what?

A

Loam, topsoil is mostly loam

284
Q

Soil particles from largest to smallest are

A

Gravel, sand, silt and clay

285
Q

Subsoil is a layer of what?

A

Soil made mostly of clay and other particles, with very little humus

286
Q

How does humus form?

A

From decayed plant and animal remains

287
Q

Litter is made up of what?

A

Loose leaves and other plant material

288
Q

What caused the dust bowl?

A

Soil loose on the Southern Great Plains

289
Q

Movement of rock particles by wind, water, ice, or gravity is called what?

A

Erosion

290
Q

Fungi, bacteria and worms are soil what’s?

A

Decomposers

291
Q

The process that breaks down rocks and other materials at Earth’s surface is called?

A

Weathering

292
Q

The rate of weathering depends on the type of what?

A

Rock and on the climate

293
Q

The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried by wind, water or ice is called….

A

Abrasion which is one form or mechanical weathering

294
Q

Tell some of the ways mechanical weathering happens

A

Ice wedging, release of pressure, abrasion, and animal action

295
Q

Plant roots that force cracks are also a form of what?

A

Mechanical weathering

296
Q

If a rock has jagged edges over time what happens?

A

Edges become smooth due to weathering

297
Q

The breakdown of rock through chemical changes is called what?

A

Chemical weathering

298
Q

When a material contains air spaces that allow water to seep through it is called what?

A

Permeable

299
Q

How is acid formed?

A

When carbon dioxide is dissolved in rainwater and sinks into soil

300
Q

Oxygen weathers rocks through the process called what?

A

Oxidation. It causes things to rust

301
Q

Most important agent of chemical weathering is what?

A

Water

302
Q

Water dissolves rock minerals in ________weathering

A

Chemical

303
Q

Lichens are an example of a living organism involved in _______weathering

A

Chemical

304
Q

George Washington Carver taught what in early 1930’s?

A

Methods of soil conservation

305
Q

What methods were they?

A

Crop rotation, planting different crops in a field

306
Q

What is it called when you plow along the curves of a slope?

A

Contour plowing

6th Grade Science (1 decks)

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