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Science > Chapters 1-8 > Flashcards

Chapters 1-8 Flashcards

1
Q

factor that is observed or measured to determine the results of the experiment

A

dependent variable

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2
Q

factor that is changed to test the hypothesis

A

independent variable

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3
Q

the law of cause and effect is also known as…

A

the principle of causality

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4
Q

4 limitations of science

A

scope, assumptions, approximations, bias

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5
Q

a conclusion based on reasoning from evidence

A

inference

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6
Q

the study of reasoning

A

logic

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7
Q

statement of fact is called a ?

A

proposition

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8
Q

reasoning from evidence to a more specific conclusion

A

deductive reasoning

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9
Q

a method where 2 situations are the same except for one factor, the factor is present in one but not the other.

A

method of difference

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10
Q

which fallacy occurs when a term is misleadingly used with 2 different meanings in a single argument

A

equivocation

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11
Q

use of science to solve practical problems

A

technology

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12
Q

3 steps of the engineering design process

A

defining the problem, designing a solution, and evaluating the solution

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13
Q

the property of matter that makes it resist changes in motion

A

inertia

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14
Q

the study of interactions between matter and energy

A

physics

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15
Q

for measured data to be meaningful, it has to include_________

A

units

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16
Q

a specific measure to which other measurements are compared to insure uniformity

A

standard of measure

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17
Q

3 ways to find the volume of an object

A

geometric formulas, direct volume measurement and fluid displacement.

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18
Q

equation for density is

A

d=m/v

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19
Q

the branches of physics developed before the 1900’s is called

A

classical physics

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20
Q

the study of motion and forces

A

dynamics

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21
Q

any change in velocity

A

acceleration

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22
Q

pushing or pulling if one object upon another

A

force

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23
Q

a diagram that represents the object and the forces on it without considering the cause

A

free-body diagram

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24
Q

what force causes a object to travel a curved path rather than a straight line

A

centripetal force

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25
2 fundamental causes of friction
attraction and repulsion
26
a measure of how well a machine converts input work into output work
efficiency
27
matter that has no definite shape and can flow
fluid
28
atoms or molecules of the same substance held together by attraction
cohesion
29
the phenomenon in which liquids rise above or fall beneath their own levels
capillarity
30
the force exerted per unit of area
pressure
31
SI unit of pressure
pascal
32
pressure that is caused by gravity pulling on a liquid
gravitational pressure
33
an air tight reservoir of a liquid opening into 2 cylinders of different diameters fitted with movable pistons
hydraulic press
34
who's law states that when temperature is held constant pressure and volume are inversely proportional
Boyle's law
35
who's law states that when pressure is held constant temperature and volume are directly proportional
Charles's law
36
who's law states that when volume is held constant temperature and pressure are directly proportional?
Amonton's law
37
the gravitational pressure within the sea of air
atmospheric pressure
38
a device used to measure atmospheric pressure
barometer
39
a device used to measure altitude
altimeter
40
an upward force exerted by a fluid on a solid
buoyancy
41
who's principle states that the buoyant force experienced by an object is exactly to the weight of the fluid displaced
Archimedes principle
42
the fluid friction that tends to slow an object as it moves through a fluid
drag
43
the science of shaping an object to allow the smooth flow of fluids around them and reduce drag
streamlining
44
a force on an object that is generated by a relative motion between the object and the fluid and is perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow
lift
45
the phenomenon of a spinning cylinder or ball causing lift
magnus effect
46
pressure exerted by a moving fluid decreases as the fluid speed increases
Bernoulli effect
47
the ability to do work and change matter
energy
48
energy from motion and forces that affect a whole object
mechanical energy
49
the relationship between mass and energy
mass-energy equivalence e=mc2
50
kinetic energy equation
Ek=1/2mv2
51
an attractive force between all material objects
gravitational force
52
which one of the 4 fundamental forces is the strongest
strong nuclear force
53
potential energy caused by restorative forces
elastic potential energy
54
energy resulting from the chemical combination of atoms into molecules
chemical energy
55
the internal energy that an object has because of the random motion of its molecules
thermal energy
56
the state at which no thermal energy is transferred between objects because they are the same temperature
thermal equilibrium
57
amount of heat needed to change its temperature by a certain amount
heat capacity
58
the ratio of an object's heat capacity to the object's mass
specific heat
59
a device designed to measure the heat involved in physical and chemical changes
calorimeter
60
a device that automatically regulates temperature
thermostat
61
3 types of heat transfer
conduction, radiation, convection
62
daytime winds that blow from the sea to the land
sea breezes
63
a bottle designed to keep things hot
dewar flask
64
the branch of physics that deals with thermal energy
thermodynamics
65
the hidden heat absorbed or released when a substance goes through a change of state
latent heat
66
most important part of a heat pump
refrigerant
67
where the refrigerant cools and releases heat to its surroundings
condenser
68
the temperature at which a liquid cannot exist in its liquid state but changes into a gas
critical temperature
69
2 types of waves
transverse, longitudinal
70
high point in a transverse wave
crest
71
places in a longitudinal wave where the wave is compressed
compression pulse
72
the maximum distance particles are displaced by a wave
amplitude
73
the time needed for one cycl to pass
period
74
the rate at which a wave travels through a medium
speed
75
the strength of a sound wave
intensity
76
sounds below the audible hearing range
infrasonic
77
sounds above the audible hearing range
ultrasonic
78
the multiple reflections that cause persistence of sound
reverberation
79
a sound heard distinctly after being reflected from some object
echo
80
a sound of definite pitch
note
81
when to notes interfere harmoniously
consonance
82
when two notes interfere in a more disagreeable way
dissonance
83
the distance between two notes
interval
84
each burst of louder sound
beat
85
the sound with the lowest frequency on an instrument
fundamental
86
the other sounds produced with at higher frequencies then the fundamental
overtones
87
the frequency relationships between the fundamental and the overtones
harmonic series
88
the set of frequencies at which an object fibrates
natural frequencies
89
two notes frequencies are the same or nearly the same
resonance
90
reverberates the sound waves produced by the instrument to make the sound louder by resonance
resonator
91
Newton published what book with his discoveries of light
Opticks
92
newton proposed what theory of light
particle theory
93
light above a certain frequency can knock electrons loose from atoms of certain metals
photoelectric effect
94
tiny bundles of energy
photons
95
electromagnetic waves that the human eye can perceive
visible light
96
additive primary colours
red green blue
97
subtractive primary colours
cyan, magenta, yellow
98
a piece of glass designed to refract light
lens
99
lens that curves outward and magnifies an object
convex
100
lens that curves inward and shrinks an object
concave
101
what occurs when light rays from a distant object are refracted by heated air so that the object appears to be nearby
mirage
102
twinkling of stars
scintillation
103
the process in which colors that depend on the viewing angle are produced by interference
iridescence
104
who showed that the energy of photon depends on its frequency?
Max Planck

Science (2 decks)

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