Chapters 1-6 Flashcards
Prime reason that a quint apparatus are often ineffective as multipurpose companies are due to?
Lack of strong and knowledgeable officers.
Difference between a quad and a quint?
Complement of ground ladders
Time is primarily saved by two factors?
Getting to your apparatus quickly
Knowing your district
Seven steps of visual awareness
Know your blind spots Look ahead See the total picture Scan Maximize your perimeter Maintain sufficient following distances Make sure other know your intentions
Wet concrete roadways requires approximately ___to __ % more stopping distance
35-40%
Tall buildings hills, winding roads, blind intersections and heavy brush can reduce siren audibility by as much as ?
2/3’s
Nine basic principals of multicompany operations
Effective fireground operations center around one IC
Effective communication
Apparatus placement
Efficient apparatus placement from ic
Placement of initial companies
Placement of engines are more flexible
Don’t approach from same direction
Uncommitted should position back
Chief officers should park upfront
Key factors in determining ability of an aerial device to reach an object?
Setback
Height
Length of aerial
Overhead hazards
As the angle of inclination between the ground and the aerial device increases so does _____?
So does the strength
Preferred climbing angle
70-80
On uneven terrain it is generally best to set ____ jack first?
Low side
On level ground set the ___ side jack first?
Off side
Target area?
Span that can be reached by an aerial device
Keep aerial devices ___ft from electrical conductors?
10ft
There rid no substitute for an ___?
Alert operator
When placing an aerial ladder to a window or fire escape balcony, ____?
Place the too rung flush with the sill or railing
Always bring aerial device ____ to the victim
Down
Leave at least ____ft behind aerials
30ft
THe platform should be ____
Extended just past the parapet and lowered as close as possible
End extending a aerial ladder over an object, extend it how far?
Far enough to be seen easily from the roof.
Ladders must be positioned about ___ to ____above an object
4-6”
Two reasons not to test aerial on object?
Can foster collapse
Weaken ladder
Since most aerials are truss design, the handrails of the ladder are in ____ while the base rails are in _____?
Handrails tension
Base rails compression
First generation?
Prior to 1980
Second generation?
1980-1991/92
Size up consists of three distinct parts?
Analysis
Decision
Implementation
Type as construction will indicate?
Rate of burning
Avenues of spread
Structural integrity
Time necessary to conduct safe fire ground operations
Problems that will impact efforts to confine fire
Size up will focus on the following areas
Construction styles
Roof styles
Construction methods
Age of the building
Conventional depends on the?
Size of structural members for strength
Mill timber size?
8x8
How does lightweight construction get it’s strength?
For compression and tension
6 most common types of roof styles?
Gable Flat Hip arch Bridge truss Sawtooth
To get an accurate estimate of the amount of time that a building can be considered structurally viable
Type of construction
How long fire has been burning
Severity of fire
Your experience
Typical gusset plate made of?
18g 3/8” penetration
Strong areas of conventional construction
Ridge
Hips
Valleys where rafters cross outside walls
Typical plywood decking depth?
3/8
1/2
Bridge truss roofs bottom and top chords are in what state?
Bottom is tension
Top is compression
Bridge truss is built from what size lumber?
2x12
When wS bridge truss built?
20-40’s
_______ sheathing provides increased structural stability than _____ sheathing?
Diagonal
Straight
The strong area is the _____ of bridge truss?
Perimeter
Bowstring covered with ?
1x6 sheathing
Strong area if bowstring?
Perimeter
Anothe name for arch roof?
Lamella
Lamella is an ___ pattern roof
Diamond or egg crate
Total roof collapse could occurs if the fire removed more than ____%
20 %
Lamellar type roof is supported by?
Exterior but russets
Or
Internal tie rods with turnbuckles
Lamella is common on what?
Gyms
Large supermarkets
There are three primary factors in recognizing wood truss contruction?
Roof shape
Long unsupported spans
Occupancy type
_____ roofs are among the most hazardous types of construction encountered by suppression personnel.
Timber truss roofs
Flat roofs can be categorized in ?
Conventional flat
Flat wood I beam
Flat roof open web
Flat metal gusset
What micro lam
Cheap grade lumber for structural mrmbers
Three main components of wooden I beams?
Top chord
Bottom chord
Stem
What is diaphragm nailing?
Plywood decking is bailed to structural members
Common in center space for I beam?
2 ft
What is used in I beam roofs to join sides and lateral strength?
Nailing blocks
Nailing blocks are spaced ____ on center
4ft
What are steel tubes on open web constructed of?
2” cold rolled steel tubing
Spans if up to ___ft on open web?
70ft
Metal gusset flat roofs ca span up to?
80ft
Panelized consists of?
Beams
Purlins
2x4
1/2 decking
Where is panelized mostly found?
Western states
Panelized beams are spaced between ____ and ____ft apart
12’ and 40’
Open web top and bottom chord is made of
1/8” steel with web supports of 5/8 steel bar
Metal exposed to fire will expand, twist, possibly fail at ___?
1,000 degrees
What is Robertson decking?
Steel or wood substructure is covered by corrugated metal. Air mixture of sand, cement and pea gravel to 3 or 4 inches
What properties does non structural lightweight concrete have?
Insululative property’s
Sound and resilient to fire
When exposed to sufficient heat, metal beams can expand ____ “ per every ____ ft?
9”
100’
Concrete construction styles?
Concrete conventional
Concrete tilt up
Masonry
Brick buildings up until _____ are commonly classified as _____?
1933
Unreinforced masonry buildings
Characteristics of brick built before 1933?
Mirror consisting if sand and lime only, no cement
Lack of steel
Brick exterior walls about 13” thick
Parapet walls 3-5ft
Roof joists “let” in
Fire cuts
Following 1933 long beach earthquake what revisions were added?
Cement must be in mortar
Reinforced with steel rebar
Exterior walls 9”
Joists and rafters anchored
Post 1959
4-6” concreat bond-beam cap on lowered parapets
Parapet should not be higher than 16”
Exterior walls must be drilled with steel anchor bars or rods every 4 ft
Post 1971
Anchoring walls to floor
Strengthening roof constructions
Every fourth to seven row of bricks?
Kings row
Laid on end
Curtain construction can be ___% faster.
60%
Consider 4 basic criteria when confronted with fascia
Overhang
Height and shape
Supports
Height from roof line
Scuppers
Actual level of roof used for drainage
Two types of elevators
Electric and hydraulic
Elevators are found unfollowing configurations?
Drum type
Traction type
Limitations in the length and diameter of winding drum limit this type of elevator to?
150ft
Two types of traction type elevators?
High speed direct traction
gearless slow speed
Where is traction type elevator machine room?
Penthouse roof
How high are hydraulic elevators?
6 story’s
Controls and equipment are found where?
Basement or lowest level
Machine room consists of two main components?
Controller or relay
Hydraulic power unit
Doors on the car are called?
Cab door
Door from hallway?
Hoist way door
4 basic doors
Center opening
Single slide
Two speed doors
Swing hall
How are elevator doors opened?
Power unit on top of door
Fire service control should be on elevator after ___ date
1973
To place elevator into phase I mode
Insert key into lobby key switch and turn to on position
What does phase I do?
Returns elevators nonstop to lobby, on arrival doors will open and remain there a along as the switch is on
What is phase II?
When key is inserted into elevator and turn to on position
Can key be removed on bypass mode?
No
How to open and close doors?
By pressing and holding until fully owed or open
Where should personnel with radios be position for trapped victims?
Equipment room
Floor elevator is stopped
Name of elevator key?
Lunar key
Where is hoist way access opening?
Upper right portion
Typically doors will open of they are within?
18”
What is a gib block?
Blocks on bottom of elevator doors that ride in tracks.
How much do gib blocks cost?
Several dollars apiece
When won’t cutting gib blocks work?
Top floor or between floors
Emergency side exits are usually ___x ___
16”x5’high
Blind shaft panels located where?
Same side as hoist way doors
Escalator traveling 90 and 120 ft per min can carry ___ passengers per hour
5,000
Forcible entry consists of 3 methods
Conventional-axe,halligan, bolt cutters
Through the lock-pulling out locking device
Power tool- saws, rabbit took
Disadvantage if going through a window?
Smaller and restrict entry
Windows are constructed of 3 basic components?
Frame- structural case or border which window is set into
Sash- surrounds and supports glazing
Glazing- glass or thermoplastic
Which glass is least expensive?
Plate(annealed)
Heat strengthened
Brakes into smaller shards
Tempered glass
Heat treated
5 times stronger than plate glass
“Tempered” in lower corners
Laminated glass
Layer of polyester film same hitched between two layers
Four basic types of windows
Stationary
Sliding
Pivoting
Swinging
Thickness of polyester window films
4.0mm
What is ranch style windows?
Horizontal sliding windows
Name of a hinged window?
Hopper
A louver type window?
Awning/jalousie
_____ windows consist of small sections about ____ inches wide.
Jalousie
4”
Most difficult type window to open?
Jalousie
Polycarbonate windows?
Lexan
How many times stronger is lex an than safety glass?
250
Jam?
Structural case border
Strike?
Receives a deadbolt
4 basic types of doors
Swinging
Sliding
Overhead
Revolving
Hollow core
Solid wood frame
Wood strips or cardboard with wood veneer
Metal doors may be?
Kalemine
Hollow
Overhead
Hollow metal is what gauge?
14-16guage
4 types of overhead
Rolling
sheet curtain
Sectional
Tilt up
Sheet curtain door is?
Solid piece thin corrugated metal and is manually operated by winding on off a drum
Metal clad door?
Kalemine
Opening of walls?
Breaching
Truck companies carry minimum of ___ft
115
Metal ladders can suddenly fail at ___ degrees?
200 degrees
How often should all ground ladders be visually inspected?
Monthly
Average electrical service lines are __ volts?
120/240 volts
Single family homes are commonly insulated to
600 volts
To quickly achieve 70 degree climbing angle, the base of the ground ladder is normally placed ____ of the working height?
1/4
When laddering a fire escape the ladder should extend ___ maximum above railings
1 ft
