Chapters 1-6 Flashcards

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1
Q

diploid

A
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2
Q

haploid

A
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3
Q

autosomal dominant

A
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4
Q

autosomal recessive

A
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5
Q

haplosufficient

A
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6
Q

haploinsufficient

A
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7
Q

single nucleotide polymorphism

A
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8
Q

null allele

A
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9
Q

sex linked inheritance

A
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10
Q

single gene inheritance

A
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10
Q

how many alleles can a human have for a trait

A

2

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11
Q

law of equal segregation

A
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12
Q

monohybrid

A

heterozygote for one trait

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13
Q

meiosis

A
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14
Q

pseudo autosomal regions

A
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15
Q

patterns in a pedigree that will reveal autosomal (non sex linked) recessive

A
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16
Q

patterns in a pedigree that would reveal autosomal dominant inheritance

A
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17
Q

autosomal polymorphism

A
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18
Q

determining number of chromosome combinations:

A

2^n

n = number of chromosomes

  • however independent assortment during meiosis and crossing over makes new homologues chromosomes
19
Q

polygenic inheritance

A
20
Q

independent assortment

A
21
Q

organelle genes

A

inheritance of traits independent of the Nucleus

  • mitochondrian and chloroplast are specialized organelles that have small circualr chromosomes
  • in humans 99.9995% of DNA is nuclear and 0.0005% is mitochondrial
  • many copies of each organelle exist in one cell
  • progeny inherit organelle genes from their mother
22
Q

cytoplasmic segregation

A
23
Q

recombination

A
24
Q

cis configuration

A
25
Q

trans configuration

A
26
Q

crossing over

A
27
Q

dominant epistasis

A
28
Q

recessive epistasis

A
29
Q

chiasmata

A
30
Q

double recombinants

A
31
Q

3 ways bacteria exchange DNA

A

conjunction, transduction and transformation

32
Q

conjunction

A
33
Q

transduction

A
34
Q

transformation

A
35
Q

horizontal transmission

A

type of gene transfer without the need for cell division

36
Q

prototrophic

A
37
Q

auxotrophic

A
38
Q

what does the semi colon mean Aa;Bb

A

genes are found on two different chromosomes

39
Q

what does the dash mean Aa/Bb

A

genes are on the same chromosome (homology)

40
Q

dihybrid

A

double heterozygote Aa/Bb

41
Q

law of independent assortment

A

deferent gene pairs assort independently during gamete formation

9:3:3:1

42
Q

how to calculate the degree of freedom

A

number of independent variables (phenotypes) - 1

43
Q

CHI-SQUARE test

A

X^2 = sum(O-E)^2/E

44
Q

heteromorphic pair

A

chromosome pair has non identical members

45
Q

meiotic recombination

A