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Psych 101 > Chapters 1-5 > Flashcards

Chapters 1-5 Flashcards

1
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Attention, memory, arousal, movement

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2
Q

Dopamine

A

Voluntary movements, pleasure, reward signaling

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3
Q

Serotonin

A

sleep, wakefulness, food craving, pain

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4
Q

Norepinephrine

A

attention, motivation

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5
Q

GABA

A

inhibitory neurotransmitter, regulation sleep/anxiety

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6
Q

Glutamate

A

excitatory neurotransmitter: cognition, memory, sensation, learning, motor function

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7
Q

Where does electrical transmission occur?

A

along axon via action potentials (voltage changes)

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8
Q

Where does chemical transmission occur

A

Synapse via neurotransmitters

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9
Q

What makes up the limbic system?

A

Hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus

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10
Q

Hypothalamus

A

4 Fs (Fight, Flee, Feed, Mating)

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11
Q

Amygdala

A

Fear and emotion

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12
Q

Hippocampus

A

Memory

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13
Q

Thalamus

A

Sensory and Motor relay station

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14
Q

What’s one word to describe what the limbic system processes?

A

Emotion, memory

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15
Q

Speech production location

A

Broca’s area

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16
Q

Language comprehension area

A

Wernicke’s area

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17
Q

What makes up the peripheral nervous system?

A

Somatic and autonomic nervous systems

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18
Q

Somatic divisions and function

A

Sensory (afferent) + motor (efferent): Sensory input and motor output; controls skeletal muscles

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19
Q

Autonomic nervous system divisions and functions

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic - controls automatic, involuntary functions

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20
Q

Sympathetic nervous system functions

A

fight or flight - mobilize body for action

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21
Q

Parasympathetic

A

rest and digest

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22
Q

3 research methods in psych

A

Experimental, correlational, descriptive

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23
Q

Hypothesis

A

a tentative statement about the relationship b/w two or more variables

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24
Q

Theory

A

Established comprehensive explanation of a set of ideas

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25
How to control for extraneous variables
random sampling and assignment
26
Correlation coefficient
Magnitude and direction of relationship between two variables
27
3 types of correlational research
Naturalistic observations, cases studies, surveys
28
Two types statistics discussed
descriptive, inferential
29
Final step of research
report findings
30
Four types of brain waves are
Beta, Alpha, Theta, Delta
31
Father of psych
Wilhelm Wundt
32
Two disciplines psychology stems from
philosophy and physiology
33
Structuralism
analyzes consciousness into basic components, investigates how related
34
Founder of structuralism
Edward Titchener
35
Functionalism
investigates function or purpose of consciousness, rather than structure. Examines how mind helps us adapt to environment
36
Founder of functionalism
William James
37
Found of psychoanalytic theory
Freud
38
Founder of behaviorism
John B Watson
39
Founder of humanism (in terms of psych)
Carl Rogers
40
Founders of cognitive psych
Piaget, Chomsky, Simon
41
Schools of thought in historical order
1) Dualism 2) Materialism 3) Empiricism 4) Nativism
42
Areas of psychological specialization
``` Developmental Cognitive Social Neuropsychology Counseling Health psychology Clinical ```
43
Professions
Clinical psych Counseling psych Sports Psych
44
Parietal lobe associated with which sense?
Touch
45
Occipital lobe associated with?
Vision
46
Temporal lobe associated with?
Hearing/audition
47
Vision stimuli/receptors
Light/Photoreceptors on retina
48
Hearing stimulus/receptors
Sound/Hair cells in cochlea
49
Taste stimulus/receptors
Soluble chemicals/taste receptors on tongue
50
Olfaction stimulus/receptors
Substances in air/olfactory cilia
51
Rod functions
peripheral vision, black/white/grey vision
52
Cone function
color vision
53
5 Primary tastes
``` Salty Sweet Bitter Sour Umami ```
54
What sense is not processed through thalamus
Smell
55
Is taste more innate or learned
Learned
56
Sensation
stimulation of sense organs
57
Perception
Selection, organization, interpretation of sensory input
58
Absolute threshold
minimum stimulus intensity organism can detect
59
high frequency beta
REM (rapid eye movement)
60
Alpha waves
deep relaxation
61
Beta
awake
62
Delta
Stage 3/4 sleep (deep sleep)
63
Theta
stage 1 sleep (light)
64
Sleep spindles
stage 2 sleep
65
When do we dream?
during REM
66
What stage of sleep is hardest to wake from
stage 3/4
67
Melatonin
hormone that makes you sleepy; more released when dark
68
Effects of sleep deprivation
impairments in mood, reaction time, coordination, decision making
69
Sleep hygiene
- establish a routine - avoid stimulants close to bed - eat right and exercise
70
Parasomnia
disruptive sleep disorders resulting in unwanted verbal or physical behavior
71
Hypersomnia
sleeping too much
72
Narcolepsy
immediate transition from being awake to REM sleep
73
Insomnia
not being able to sleep
74
Pauses in breathing or shallow breathing during sleep
sleep apnea
75
Meditation benefits
higher self-esteem increased empathy relationship satisfaction positive emotions
76
tolerance
develops when need to take more of a substance to achieve same effect
77
dependence
in drugs, not ingesting/taking results in unpleasant physical effects
78
alcohol: why use/why not
disinhibition, shifts in mood, social | headaches, nausea, poor sleep, liver disease, death
79
stimulants
high energy, increased alertness | anxiety, paranoia, insomnia, restlessness
80
depressants
calming/sleep-inducing | insomnia, weakness, nausea, fatigue
81
cerebellum
coordination, equilibrium, balance, motor control
82
medulla
breathing, heartbeat, postural reflexes
83
pons
sleep and arousal
84
midbrain
sensory functions
85
forebrain
emotion, complex thought | includes limbic system
86
cerebrum
complex mental activities | Occipital, parietal, frontal, and temporal lobes
87
psychology
objective way to answer questions based on observable data; the study of the mind
88
dualism
body and soul are distinct and separable
89
Materialism
soul meaningless concept; mind is a product of the brain
90
Empiricism
all knowledge acquired through experience
91
Nativism
some knowledge and function innate
92
Behaviorism
psychology should only focus on scientific study of behavior | - environment drives behavior
93
Humanism
unique qualities of humans | potential for personal growth realized through understanding of self
94
Cognitive psych
return to study of unobservable mental processes
95
Evolutionary psych
behavior explained in terms of adaptive value to person/animal
96
Positive psych
Martin Seligman: Understanding the positive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence
97
Confounding variables
Variables linked together in such a way that it makes it difficult to sort out individual effects
98
Extraneous variables
Variables other than independent that may influence dependent
99
Correlational experiments
Look at relationships between categories of factss
100
Descriptive
Describing a set of facts without necessarily looking at relationships

Psych 101 (3 decks)

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