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Psych 101 > Chapters 1-5 > Flashcards

Chapters 1-5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Attention, memory, arousal, movement

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2
Q

Dopamine

A

Voluntary movements, pleasure, reward signaling

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3
Q

Serotonin

A

sleep, wakefulness, food craving, pain

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4
Q

Norepinephrine

A

attention, motivation

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5
Q

GABA

A

inhibitory neurotransmitter, regulation sleep/anxiety

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6
Q

Glutamate

A

excitatory neurotransmitter: cognition, memory, sensation, learning, motor function

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7
Q

Where does electrical transmission occur?

A

along axon via action potentials (voltage changes)

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8
Q

Where does chemical transmission occur

A

Synapse via neurotransmitters

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9
Q

What makes up the limbic system?

A

Hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus

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10
Q

Hypothalamus

A

4 Fs (Fight, Flee, Feed, Mating)

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11
Q

Amygdala

A

Fear and emotion

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12
Q

Hippocampus

A

Memory

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13
Q

Thalamus

A

Sensory and Motor relay station

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14
Q

What’s one word to describe what the limbic system processes?

A

Emotion, memory

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15
Q

Speech production location

A

Broca’s area

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16
Q

Language comprehension area

A

Wernicke’s area

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17
Q

What makes up the peripheral nervous system?

A

Somatic and autonomic nervous systems

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18
Q

Somatic divisions and function

A

Sensory (afferent) + motor (efferent): Sensory input and motor output; controls skeletal muscles

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19
Q

Autonomic nervous system divisions and functions

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic - controls automatic, involuntary functions

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20
Q

Sympathetic nervous system functions

A

fight or flight - mobilize body for action

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21
Q

Parasympathetic

A

rest and digest

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22
Q

3 research methods in psych

A

Experimental, correlational, descriptive

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23
Q

Hypothesis

A

a tentative statement about the relationship b/w two or more variables

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24
Q

Theory

A

Established comprehensive explanation of a set of ideas

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25
Q

How to control for extraneous variables

A

random sampling and assignment

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26
Q

Correlation coefficient

A

Magnitude and direction of relationship between two variables

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27
Q

3 types of correlational research

A

Naturalistic observations, cases studies, surveys

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28
Q

Two types statistics discussed

A

descriptive, inferential

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29
Q

Final step of research

A

report findings

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30
Q

Four types of brain waves are

A

Beta, Alpha, Theta, Delta

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31
Q

Father of psych

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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32
Q

Two disciplines psychology stems from

A

philosophy and physiology

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33
Q

Structuralism

A

analyzes consciousness into basic components, investigates how related

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34
Q

Founder of structuralism

A

Edward Titchener

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35
Q

Functionalism

A

investigates function or purpose of consciousness, rather than structure. Examines how mind helps us adapt to environment

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36
Q

Founder of functionalism

A

William James

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37
Q

Found of psychoanalytic theory

A

Freud

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38
Q

Founder of behaviorism

A

John B Watson

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39
Q

Founder of humanism (in terms of psych)

A

Carl Rogers

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40
Q

Founders of cognitive psych

A

Piaget, Chomsky, Simon

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41
Q

Schools of thought in historical order

A

1) Dualism
2) Materialism
3) Empiricism
4) Nativism

42
Q

Areas of psychological specialization

A 
Developmental
Cognitive
Social
Neuropsychology
Counseling
Health psychology
Clinical
43
Q

Professions

A

Clinical psych
Counseling psych
Sports Psych

44
Q

Parietal lobe associated with which sense?

A

Touch

45
Q

Occipital lobe associated with?

A

Vision

46
Q

Temporal lobe associated with?

A

Hearing/audition

47
Q

Vision stimuli/receptors

A

Light/Photoreceptors on retina

48
Q

Hearing stimulus/receptors

A

Sound/Hair cells in cochlea

49
Q

Taste stimulus/receptors

A

Soluble chemicals/taste receptors on tongue

50
Q

Olfaction stimulus/receptors

A

Substances in air/olfactory cilia

51
Q

Rod functions

A

peripheral vision, black/white/grey vision

52
Q

Cone function

A

color vision

53
Q

5 Primary tastes

A 
Salty
Sweet
Bitter
Sour
Umami
54
Q

What sense is not processed through thalamus

A

Smell

55
Q

Is taste more innate or learned

A

Learned

56
Q

Sensation

A

stimulation of sense organs

57
Q

Perception

A

Selection, organization, interpretation of sensory input

58
Q

Absolute threshold

A

minimum stimulus intensity organism can detect

59
Q

high frequency beta

A

REM (rapid eye movement)

60
Q

Alpha waves

A

deep relaxation

61
Q

Beta

A

awake

62
Q

Delta

A

Stage 3/4 sleep (deep sleep)

63
Q

Theta

A

stage 1 sleep (light)

64
Q

Sleep spindles

A

stage 2 sleep

65
Q

When do we dream?

A

during REM

66
Q

What stage of sleep is hardest to wake from

A

stage 3/4

67
Q

Melatonin

A

hormone that makes you sleepy; more released when dark

68
Q

Effects of sleep deprivation

A

impairments in mood, reaction time, coordination, decision making

69
Q

Sleep hygiene

A
  • establish a routine
  • avoid stimulants close to bed
  • eat right and exercise
70
Q

Parasomnia

A

disruptive sleep disorders resulting in unwanted verbal or physical behavior

71
Q

Hypersomnia

A

sleeping too much

72
Q

Narcolepsy

A

immediate transition from being awake to REM sleep

73
Q

Insomnia

A

not being able to sleep

74
Q

Pauses in breathing or shallow breathing during sleep

A

sleep apnea

75
Q

Meditation benefits

A

higher self-esteem
increased empathy
relationship satisfaction
positive emotions

76
Q

tolerance

A

develops when need to take more of a substance to achieve same effect

77
Q

dependence

A

in drugs, not ingesting/taking results in unpleasant physical effects

78
Q

alcohol: why use/why not

A

disinhibition, shifts in mood, social

headaches, nausea, poor sleep, liver disease, death

79
Q

stimulants

A

high energy, increased alertness

anxiety, paranoia, insomnia, restlessness

80
Q

depressants

A

calming/sleep-inducing

insomnia, weakness, nausea, fatigue

81
Q

cerebellum

A

coordination, equilibrium, balance, motor control

82
Q

medulla

A

breathing, heartbeat, postural reflexes

83
Q

pons

A

sleep and arousal

84
Q

midbrain

A

sensory functions

85
Q

forebrain

A

emotion, complex thought

includes limbic system

86
Q

cerebrum

A

complex mental activities

Occipital, parietal, frontal, and temporal lobes

87
Q

psychology

A

objective way to answer questions based on observable data; the study of the mind

88
Q

dualism

A

body and soul are distinct and separable

89
Q

Materialism

A

soul meaningless concept; mind is a product of the brain

90
Q

Empiricism

A

all knowledge acquired through experience

91
Q

Nativism

A

some knowledge and function innate

92
Q

Behaviorism

A

psychology should only focus on scientific study of behavior

- environment drives behavior

93
Q

Humanism

A

unique qualities of humans

potential for personal growth realized through understanding of self

94
Q

Cognitive psych

A

return to study of unobservable mental processes

95
Q

Evolutionary psych

A

behavior explained in terms of adaptive value to person/animal

96
Q

Positive psych

A

Martin Seligman: Understanding the positive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence

97
Q

Confounding variables

A

Variables linked together in such a way that it makes it difficult to sort out individual effects

98
Q

Extraneous variables

A

Variables other than independent that may influence dependent

99
Q

Correlational experiments

A

Look at relationships between categories of factss

100
Q

Descriptive

A

Describing a set of facts without necessarily looking at relationships

Psych 101 (3 decks)

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