Chapters 1,5 & 7 Flashcards
What do we know about communication that most people think is false?
Effective communication is not a natural ability
It requires skill and practice.
What are the four main reasons why we communicate?
- Physical Needs
- Identity Needs
- Social Needs
- Practical Needs
How does communication affect physical health?
Its presence or absence affects physical health
Regular meaningful social contact is essential.
What is the role of communication in identity formation?
It is the major way we learn who we are
We gain identity from how others define us.
What are the five categories of human needs according to Maslow?
- Physical
- Safety
- Social
- Self-esteem
- Self-actualization
What does the transactional communication model emphasize?
Sending and receiving are usually simultaneous
Communicators can be both senders and receivers.
What does it mean that meanings exist in and among people?
People give meanings to messages; messages themselves don’t have inherent meaning.
What are the three types of noise that can disrupt communication?
- External noise
- Physiological noise
- Psychological noise
What is mediated communication?
Communication that occurs through electronic devices
Examples include telephone, text, and social media.
What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication?
- Synchronous: occurs in real time
- Asynchronous: has a time gap between sending and receiving
What does communication competence refer to?
The ability to achieve goals in a manner both effective and appropriate.
What is cognitive complexity?
The ability to construct a variety of different frameworks for viewing an issue.
What are the two definitions of interpersonal communication?
- Quantitative: interaction between two people
- Qualitative: treating others as unique individuals
What is mindless listening?
Reacting to messages automatically and routinely, without much mental investment.
What are the five elements of mindful listening?
- Hearing
- Attending
- Understanding
- Remembering
- Responding
What does listening fidelity refer to?
The degree of congruence between what a listener understands and what the sender meant.
What is the difference between reflective and directive feedback?
- Reflective: aims to understand and confirm the speaker’s message
- Directive: judges the message and provides guidance.
What is the significance of empathy in listening?
It involves understanding and identifying with the speaker’s feelings.
What is pseudo-listening?
Pretending to pay attention while mentally disengaged.
What is the concept of co-culture?
The perception of membership in a subgroup that is part of an encompassing culture.
What is intercultural communication?
The process by which members of two or more cultures exchange messages influenced by cultural perceptions.
True or False: Effective communication is solely determined by the communicator’s intent.
False
Communication is also affected by the receiver’s interpretation.
What is the impact of technology on interpersonal communication?
While technology facilitates communication, face-to-face interaction remains crucial.
What are the characteristics of computer-mediated communication?
- Leanness
- Asynchronicity
- Permanence
Fill in the blank: Communication competence requires _______.
[mindfulness]
What is the difference between stage hogging and selective listening?
- Stage hogging: expressing one’s ideas without inviting others
- Selective listening: responding only to parts of the speaker’s remarks.
What should you do when offering an analysis?
Offer your interpretation in a tentative way rather than an absolute fact
This approach increases the likelihood of being receptive to the analysis.
What does evaluating involve in the context of listening?
Appraises the sender’s thoughts or behavior in a positive or negative way
It implies that the evaluator is qualified to pass judgment.
True or False: Advice is always welcome and helpful.
False
People might not welcome advice because they see it as inferior or may avoid responsibility for their decisions.
What are some barriers that can hamper effective listening?
- Information overload
- Personal concerns
- Rapid thought
- Internal noise
- External noise
Define non-verbal communication.
Messages expressed by non-linguistic means
What we do often conveys more meaning than what we say.
What are the characteristics of non-verbal communication?
- Always occurring
- Primarily relational
- Ambiguous
- Occurs in mediated messages
- Influenced by culture and gender
What function does non-verbal communication serve in relationships?
Creating and maintaining relationships
Non-verbal cues can regulate interaction and influence others.
What are the three non-verbal signs that indicate a speaker has finished talking?
- A change in vocal intonation
- A drawl in the last syllable
- A drop in vocal pitch or loudness
What is kinesics?
The study of body movement
It is one of the types of non-verbal communication.
What is oculesics?
The study of how eyes can communicate
The face is a secondary source of communicative information.
What is haptics?
The study of touch
Interpersonal touch is a powerful way to communicate feelings.
What does paralanguage refer to?
Vocal changes that share the truth of how a person is feeling
It includes aspects like tone and pitch.
What is proxemics?
The study of how communication is affected by the use, organization, and perception of space and distance
It includes concepts of intimate, personal, social, and public distances.
Fill in the blank: The distance of 1.2m - 3m between communicators is known as _______.
Social Distance
What is chronemics?
The study of how humans use and structure time
It includes concepts of monochronic and polychronic cultures.
True or False: Attractive individuals are often perceived as more sensitive and kind.
True
Physical attractiveness can influence social perceptions and opportunities.
What messages can clothing convey?
- Economic level
- Educational level
- Trustworthiness
- Social position
- Level of sophistication
How does the physical environment affect interpersonal communication?
It shapes the kinds of interactions that take place
People in negative environments may act and feel negatively.
Prolonged solitary confinement
a. is only a negative experience for some people.
b. is considered torture under the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules.
c. is preferred to physical torture among most prisoners.
d. has few if any long-term effects on humans.
B
An example of physical noise is
a. worrying about an upcoming test.
b. daydreaming about a great party you attended.
c. hearing loss.
d. feeling irritated by the person beside you talking on their phone.
D
Your friend said they were sorry after they spilled coffee on your new top. You think they’re insincere, but another friend thinks the apology is genuine. This difference of opinion best illustrates which insight from the communication model presented in this chapter?
a. Sending and receiving are usually simul-taneous.
b. Different channels have different dis-advantages.
c. Meanings exist in and among people.
d. Psychological noise affects communi-cation.
C
Transactional communication
a. is the dynamic process created by communicators interacting with each other.
b. suggests that the way you communicate with others varies from person to person.
c. suggests that communication depends on the involvement of a partner.
d. all of the above.
D
According to research presented, listening is difficult because we are capable of understanding search rates:
a. That are much slower than the rate at which most people speak.
b. That are more than 4x as fast as the rate at which most
People speak.
c. That are almost twice as fast as the rate at which most people speak.
d. Faster in the evenings and slower in the mornings due to circadian rhythms
C
Which of the following statements is false?
a. Listening fidelity is the degree of congruence between what a listener understands and what the sender of the message was attempting to communicate.
b. Listening
fidelity implies agreement
between listener and message sender.
c. Listening mindfully in order to truly understand another person sends a positive relational message.
d. High levels of listening fidelity are the ideal in interpersonal listening.
B
Which of the following statements is not true about non-verbal communication?
a. It’s best defined as communication without words.
b. It’s a message expressed by non-linguistic means.
c. It can be expressed vocally.
d. It’s influenced by culture and gender.
C
When comparing verbal and non-verbal communication scholars suggest non-verbal communication
a. is rooted in biology.
b. mostly voluntary and conscious
c. single channel.
d. usually content oriented.
A
Emblems
a. describe the way a message is spoken.
b. are culturally understood substitutes for verbal expressions.
c. are cues that control verbal interaction.
d. all of the above are true about emblems.
B
Changes in vocal intonation, a drawl on the last syllable, and a drop in vocal pitch or loudness a
a. are non-verbal regulators.
b. are used to indicate a speaker is finished talking.
c. are used to help control verbal interaction.
d. are all of the above.
D
What is intrapersonal communication?
It refers to communication that occurs with oneself.
What is Qualitative interpersonal communication?
Occurs when people treat others as unique individuals regardless of the context in the situation or the number of people involved
What is Quantitative interpersonal communication?
An interaction between 2 people
What is the definition of Interpersonal communication?
Interaction characterized by the qualities of uniqueness, irreplaceability, interdependence, disclosure and intrinsic rewards
When referring to Qualitative interpersonal communication what does uniqueness mean?
People communicate with people in different ways.
When referring to Qualitative interpersonal communication what does irreplaceability mean?
None will ever be like this one
When referring to Qualitative interpersonal communication what does interdependence mean?
The other persons life affects you
When referring to Qualitative interpersonal communication what does intrinsic rewards mean?
Developing the relationship is what’s important. You feel a sense of satisfaction in those relationships
