Chapters 1-5

Question 1

Representative Democracy

Answer 1

Where people are represented by their elected representative, not a direct democracy where they vote directly for laws and policies.

Question 2

Majority Rule, Minority Rights

Answer 2

Even though that majority rules, the government still has to look out for the minorities interest and rights.

Question 3

Checks and balances.

Answer 3

A system put in place to make sure that no one branch of government exceeds their power. (ex. President veto bill, the power of the senate to approve presidential appointments, judicial review of congressional enactments)

Question 4

Federalist

Answer 4

• Favored a strong national government

- supported our current constitution at the convention in 1787

Question 5

Antifederalist

Answer 5

• Supported a state government & a weak national government

- Opponents of our current constitution established in 1787

Question 6

Grants in aid

Answer 6

Programs through which congress provides funds to state and local governments on the condition that it is for the purpose defined by the government

Question 7

Unfunded Mandates

Answer 7

• When a federal government imposes a law or regulation without necessary funding, for example, it becomes the responsibility of the state or local government to pay for the implementation of the law. In the end, it is local taxpayers who end up footing the bill.

Question 8

Block Grants

Answer 8

Federal Grants in aid that allow states some discretion in who the funds are spent

Question 9

Devolution

Answer 9

Passing down to a lower level of government for ex. passing down powers of the national government to the stale and local governments

Question 10

Civil Liberties

Answer 10

Personal freedoms from which the government cannot interfere

Question 11

Civil Rights

Answer 11

Obligation imposed on the government to take positive action to protect citizens from any illegal action of government agencies and of other citizens

Question 12

Selective Incorporation

Answer 12

protects the rights, immunities and privileges of U.S. citizens from state laws

Question 13

Double Jeopardy

Answer 13

5th amendment right that a person cannot be tried twice for the same crime

Question 14

Miranda rights

Answer 14

Protecting against self incrimination

Question 15

De jure

Answer 15

Segregation by law

Question 16

De facto

Answer 16

Segregation by fact

Question 17

Bicameral

Answer 17

Having a legislative assembly composed of two chambers or houses

Question 18

Bill of Rights

Answer 18

First 10 Amendments

Question 19

Political Efficacy

Answer 19

The ability to influence and government and policies

Question 20

Direct Action Politics

Answer 20

Strategic use of immediately effective acts, ex. strikes

Question 21

Referendum

Answer 21

The practice of referring a proposed law passed by a legislature to the vote of the electoral for approval or rejection

Question 22

Political Culture

Answer 22

• BROADLY shared values, beliefs and attitudes about how the government should function
• American Political Culture emphasizes on the values of liberty, equality & democracy

Question 23

Equality of Opportunity

Answer 23

The belief that people should have the freedom to use whatever talents and wealths they have to succeed &reach their fullest potential

Question 24

Expressed powers

Answer 24

Powers written in the constitution granted to congress

Question 25

Implied Powers

Answer 25

Powers that are not expressed in the constitution, but are implied through the expansive interpretation of the delegate powers

Question 26

Federalism

Answer 26

A system of government in which power is divided by the constitution btwn a central gov. & regional gov.

Question 27

Interstate Commerce

Answer 27

between states

Question 28

Intrastate

Answer 28

within a state

Question 29

Necessary and Proper

Answer 29

Provides congress with the authority to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out its expressed powers

Question 30

Due Process

Answer 30

5th amendment = due process 6th amendment = Right to counsel 8th amendment = Cruel & unusual punishment (debate: Death penalty).

Question 31

Equal Protection

Answer 31

14th Amendment = grants equal protection of the law

Question 32

Separate but equal

Answer 32

People can be segregated/separated as long as they were being treated equal

Question 33

Right to Privacy

Answer 33

The right to be left alone, has been interpreted by the supreme court as allowing an individual to have access tot birth control & abortions

Question 34

Eminent Domain

Answer 34

The right of the government to take private property for public use

Question 35

Cruel & Unusual

Answer 35

8th Amendment

Question 36

Right to Counsel

Answer 36

6th amendment

Question 37

Lemon v. Kurtzman

Answer 37

Lemon test articulated in this case that government action or funds toward religion is allowed if it doesn't promote the practice of the religion

Question 38

Habeas Corpus

Answer 38

A court order demanding that an individual in custody be brought into court and shown the cause for detention

Question 39

Mapp V. Ohio

Answer 39

Ruled that that any illegally obtained evidence could not be introduced in federal courts

Question 40

Gideon V. Wainwright

Answer 40

The Court ruled that the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment required that the Sixth Amendment, which guarantees indigent defendants the Right to Counsel in federal criminal proceedings

Question 41

Roe v. Wade

Answer 41

Right to privacy

Question 42

Plessy V. Ferguson

Answer 42

Declared that facilities were allowed to be separate as long as they were equal

Question 43

Brown V. Board of Ed.

Answer 43

Declared that separate facilities were unequal

Question 44

Madbury V. Madision

Answer 44

Established the principle of judicial review