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Child Development > Chapters 1-5 > Flashcards

Chapters 1-5 Flashcards

1
Q

Palmer grasp

A

grasp with the whole hand

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2
Q

expected milestones for adolescence

A

LOGICAL THINKING
rapid physical changes
identity becomes important
interactions w/ non family members
more abstract
idealistic

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3
Q

cohort effects

A

social effects of a group of people over time
ex. covid, pregnancy during covid, 911

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4
Q

What are the expected outcomes of these overlapping processes of each period of development? (middle and late childhood)

A

fundamental skills
mastery (reading, writing, math)
increased self-control
achievement

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5
Q

What are the expected outcomes of these processes of each period of development? (early childhood)

A

more self sufficient
play is important

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6
Q

What are the expected outcomes of these overlapping processes of each period of development? (infancy)

A

object permanence

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7
Q

3 important processes in human development

A

biological processes
cognitive processes
socioemotional processes

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8
Q

Fetal MRI

A

magnet and radio images
detail image of body organs and structure
Purpose: helps detect abnormalities (central nervous system, chest, genitals/urinals)

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9
Q

Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)

A

small sampling of tissue from the placenta to test for chromosomal abnormalities and genetic problems (Down syndrome)
small risk of limb deformity, test baby sex, Info on whether to abort)

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10
Q

non shared environmental experiences

A

child’s own unique experiences

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11
Q

how can we use polygenetic scores to capture influences of children’s environment

A

individual differences in developmental trajectories
intergenerational transmission
peer influences on child development
resilience and positive development

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12
Q

ultrasound

A

high frequency sound waves
echoes transformed into visual representation
purpose: detects abnormalities, # of fetuses, clues about sex

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13
Q

stage 2 of birth

A

baby’s head starts to move through the cervix and birth canal

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14
Q

stage 1 of birth

A

uterine contractions cause women’s cervix to stretch and dilate 4 in. (longest stage)

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15
Q

postpartum depression

A

10%
symptoms linger for weeks or months (4th trimester)

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16
Q

expected milestones between birth and newborns and infancy and toddlerhood

A

beginnings of many psychological activity

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17
Q

ways to improve live with social policy

A

immigration policies
immunization requirements
lack of funding in ending hunger

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18
Q

4 areas for improving lives and outcomes of children

A

health and well-being
parenting
education
socioculture contexts and diversity

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19
Q

shared environmental experiences

A

families socioeconomic status
neighborhood

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20
Q

amniocenteses

A

small sampling of amniotic fluid to test birth defects
risks: small risk of miscarriage, later=greater diagnostic potential, sooner=more knowledge for handling pregnancy

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21
Q

maternal blood screening

A

identify pregnancies w/ heightened risks of birth defects
triple screen substance

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22
Q

how to generate ideas/researchable questions?

A

correlational/ association study (describe events as they naturally occur)
experimental study

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23
Q

what do we study?

A

how parents nurture children
how peers interact
children’s develop over time
screen time and overweight
special care repair neglect
if mentoring can improve children’s achievement

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24
Q

stage 3 of birth

A

afterbirth
shortest stage
placenta, umbilical cord detach

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25
Q

Apgar scale

A

asses 5 health indicators of newborns one to five minutes after birth
7-10=healthy
5 below=potential difficulties

26
Q

fetal period

A

two months after conception to birth
7 months
rapid physical growth
3 months: becomes active

27
Q

threats to fetus development (3Ds)

A

drugs
disease
diet

28
Q

hazards to prenatal development

A

any agent that cause birth defects or alter cog. and behavioral outcomes

29
Q

germinal stage

A

lasts 2 weeks after conception (over before mother knows it)
rapid cell division
zygotę attaches to walls

30
Q

extra familial resilience

A

bonds with external adults
effective schooling
positive connections with organization

31
Q

4 months (voice/face)

A

matches faces and voices
distinguish between male and female faces and difference in ethnicities

32
Q

vision

A

newborn 20/240
by 6 months 20/40
infants show interest in human faces soon after birth

33
Q

perception

A

interpretation of what is being sensed

34
Q

fine motor skills

A

increased MYELINATION facilitates fine motor skills improvement
girls outperform boys
age and experience and exercise=FMS growth

35
Q

Mitchell research

A

argued that development of infant hand preferences creates groups of infants who engage differently
consistent infant hand preferences predict developmental advances in language development tool use and objects construction skills
EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE

36
Q

sensation

A

when info interacts w/ sensory receptors (eyes, ears, tongue, nostrils, skin)

37
Q

what happens during infancy (growth wise)

A

rapid increase in height and weight
double weight by 4 months triple by 1 year

38
Q

pincer grasp

A

grasp small objects w/ thumb and forefinger

39
Q

myths about puberty

A

puberty starts at one point in time
takes several years then stops
hormonal changes start around 8.5 years for females and 9.5 years for males

40
Q

what happens during early childhood (growth wise)

A

slower growth slimming of body and body fat
more muscle tissue (males)
more fat tissue (females)

41
Q

infants and shape consistency

A

as young as 3 months
not for irregular shaped objects
recognition that objects maintain their shape although their orientation to us may change

42
Q

infants and size consistency

A

as young as 3 months continues to develop until 10-11
the recognition that objects maintain their size despite a change in the objects retinal image

43
Q

cephalocaudal (top down)

A

head develops faster then moves down

44
Q

proximidistal

A

left to right development

45
Q

independent objects and depth perception

A

at 2 months infants develop the ability to perceive partly hidden objects as whole
2-4 months sense depth perception

46
Q

organized sports GMS pros and cons

A

physical injuries
placing undue stress onto kids to do better
win at all costs

47
Q

familial resilience

A

close relationships w/ caring parents/ family members
structure and high expectations
socioeconomic advantages

48
Q

individual resilience

A

good intellectual functioning
sociable
self confident
faith
talents

49
Q

postpartum blues

A

70%
appear 2-3 days after delivery and usually subside in 1-2 weeks

50
Q

gross motor skills

A

requires postural control
sit w/ support
head up
roll on tummy
walks
crawls
jumps, skips, runs, squats

51
Q

reflexes

A

blinking
grasping
stepping
sucking
swimming

52
Q

polygenetic score

A

helps us identify individuals who may have an elevated risk for genetic disease/ maladaptive or adaptive traits, behaviors
ex. scores for schizo may predict late adolescent substance

53
Q

perception constancy

A

sensory stimulation changes but perception of the physical world remains constant

54
Q

how do genes influence development

A

genotype
phenotype

55
Q

what are genes

A

act collaboratively
passed on to new cells

56
Q

processes and periods of child/adolescent development

A

prenatal
infancy
early childhood
middle and late childhood
adolescence

57
Q

do girls or boys have greater gross motor skills

A

boys

58
Q

Gibson’s ecological view

A

people directly perceive info that they see in external world

59
Q

early later experience issue

A

degree to which early experiences (especially in infancy) or later experiences are the key determinant of children’s development

60
Q

continuity-discontinuity issue

A

whether development involves gradual, cumulative change (continuity) or distinct changes (discontinuity)

61
Q

nature v nurture issue

A

whether development is primarily influenced by nature v nurture

biological inheritance or environmental inheritance

62
Q

habituation and dishabituation

A

infants distinguishing between stimuli
decrease reaction

Child Development (1 decks)

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