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Child Development > Chapters 1-5 > Flashcards

Chapters 1-5 Flashcards

1
Q

Palmer grasp

A

grasp with the whole hand

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2
Q

expected milestones for adolescence

A

LOGICAL THINKING
rapid physical changes
identity becomes important
interactions w/ non family members
more abstract
idealistic

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3
Q

cohort effects

A

social effects of a group of people over time
ex. covid, pregnancy during covid, 911

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4
Q

What are the expected outcomes of these overlapping processes of each period of development? (middle and late childhood)

A

fundamental skills
mastery (reading, writing, math)
increased self-control
achievement

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5
Q

What are the expected outcomes of these processes of each period of development? (early childhood)

A

more self sufficient
play is important

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6
Q

What are the expected outcomes of these overlapping processes of each period of development? (infancy)

A

object permanence

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7
Q

3 important processes in human development

A

biological processes
cognitive processes
socioemotional processes

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8
Q

Fetal MRI

A

magnet and radio images
detail image of body organs and structure
Purpose: helps detect abnormalities (central nervous system, chest, genitals/urinals)

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9
Q

Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)

A

small sampling of tissue from the placenta to test for chromosomal abnormalities and genetic problems (Down syndrome)
small risk of limb deformity, test baby sex, Info on whether to abort)

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10
Q

non shared environmental experiences

A

child’s own unique experiences

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11
Q

how can we use polygenetic scores to capture influences of children’s environment

A

individual differences in developmental trajectories
intergenerational transmission
peer influences on child development
resilience and positive development

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12
Q

ultrasound

A

high frequency sound waves
echoes transformed into visual representation
purpose: detects abnormalities, # of fetuses, clues about sex

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13
Q

stage 2 of birth

A

baby’s head starts to move through the cervix and birth canal

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14
Q

stage 1 of birth

A

uterine contractions cause women’s cervix to stretch and dilate 4 in. (longest stage)

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15
Q

postpartum depression

A

10%
symptoms linger for weeks or months (4th trimester)

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16
Q

expected milestones between birth and newborns and infancy and toddlerhood

A

beginnings of many psychological activity

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17
Q

ways to improve live with social policy

A

immigration policies
immunization requirements
lack of funding in ending hunger

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18
Q

4 areas for improving lives and outcomes of children

A

health and well-being
parenting
education
socioculture contexts and diversity

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19
Q

shared environmental experiences

A

families socioeconomic status
neighborhood

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20
Q

amniocenteses

A

small sampling of amniotic fluid to test birth defects
risks: small risk of miscarriage, later=greater diagnostic potential, sooner=more knowledge for handling pregnancy

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21
Q

maternal blood screening

A

identify pregnancies w/ heightened risks of birth defects
triple screen substance

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22
Q

how to generate ideas/researchable questions?

A

correlational/ association study (describe events as they naturally occur)
experimental study

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23
Q

what do we study?

A

how parents nurture children
how peers interact
children’s develop over time
screen time and overweight
special care repair neglect
if mentoring can improve children’s achievement

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24
Q

stage 3 of birth

A

afterbirth
shortest stage
placenta, umbilical cord detach

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25
Apgar scale
asses 5 health indicators of newborns one to five minutes after birth 7-10=healthy 5 below=potential difficulties
26
fetal period
two months after conception to birth 7 months rapid physical growth 3 months: becomes active
27
threats to fetus development (3Ds)
drugs disease diet
28
hazards to prenatal development
any agent that cause birth defects or alter cog. and behavioral outcomes
29
germinal stage
lasts 2 weeks after conception (over before mother knows it) rapid cell division zygotę attaches to walls
30
extra familial resilience
bonds with external adults effective schooling positive connections with organization
31
4 months (voice/face)
matches faces and voices distinguish between male and female faces and difference in ethnicities
32
vision
newborn 20/240 by 6 months 20/40 infants show interest in human faces soon after birth
33
perception
interpretation of what is being sensed
34
fine motor skills
increased MYELINATION facilitates fine motor skills improvement girls outperform boys age and experience and exercise=FMS growth
35
Mitchell research
argued that development of infant hand preferences creates groups of infants who engage differently consistent infant hand preferences predict developmental advances in language development tool use and objects construction skills EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE
36
sensation
when info interacts w/ sensory receptors (eyes, ears, tongue, nostrils, skin)
37
what happens during infancy (growth wise)
rapid increase in height and weight double weight by 4 months triple by 1 year
38
pincer grasp
grasp small objects w/ thumb and forefinger
39
myths about puberty
puberty starts at one point in time takes several years then stops hormonal changes start around 8.5 years for females and 9.5 years for males
40
what happens during early childhood (growth wise)
slower growth slimming of body and body fat more muscle tissue (males) more fat tissue (females)
41
infants and shape consistency
as young as 3 months not for irregular shaped objects recognition that objects maintain their shape although their orientation to us may change
42
infants and size consistency
as young as 3 months continues to develop until 10-11 the recognition that objects maintain their size despite a change in the objects retinal image
43
cephalocaudal (top down)
head develops faster then moves down
44
proximidistal
left to right development
45
independent objects and depth perception
at 2 months infants develop the ability to perceive partly hidden objects as whole 2-4 months sense depth perception
46
organized sports GMS pros and cons
physical injuries placing undue stress onto kids to do better win at all costs
47
familial resilience
close relationships w/ caring parents/ family members structure and high expectations socioeconomic advantages
48
individual resilience
good intellectual functioning sociable self confident faith talents
49
postpartum blues
70% appear 2-3 days after delivery and usually subside in 1-2 weeks
50
gross motor skills
requires postural control sit w/ support head up roll on tummy walks crawls jumps, skips, runs, squats
51
reflexes
blinking grasping stepping sucking swimming
52
polygenetic score
helps us identify individuals who may have an elevated risk for genetic disease/ maladaptive or adaptive traits, behaviors ex. scores for schizo may predict late adolescent substance
53
perception constancy
sensory stimulation changes but perception of the physical world remains constant
54
how do genes influence development
genotype phenotype
55
what are genes
act collaboratively passed on to new cells
56
processes and periods of child/adolescent development
prenatal infancy early childhood middle and late childhood adolescence
57
do girls or boys have greater gross motor skills
boys
58
Gibson's ecological view
people directly perceive info that they see in external world
59
early later experience issue
degree to which early experiences (especially in infancy) or later experiences are the key determinant of children's development
60
continuity-discontinuity issue
whether development involves gradual, cumulative change (continuity) or distinct changes (discontinuity)
61
nature v nurture issue
whether development is primarily influenced by nature v nurture biological inheritance or environmental inheritance
62
habituation and dishabituation
infants distinguishing between stimuli decrease reaction

Child Development (1 decks)

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