Chapters 1 - 4 Exam

Question 1

What is the earliest human era? What are its divisions?

Answer 1

Stone Age; Old Stone Age (Paleolithic) and New Stone Age (Neolithic)

Question 2

How were the Stone Ages divided?

Answer 2

Use of tools used to survive

Question 3

What discovery lead to major developments such as warmth, cooking, and light?

Answer 3

Discovery of fire

Question 4

What are three human genus’s?

Answer 4

Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and Homo sapiens

Question 5

When was the Paleolithic Era?

Answer 5

Circa 800,000 - 7,500 BCE

Question 6

When was the Neolithic Era?

Answer 6

Circa 7,500 - 3,000 BCE

Question 7

What two major forms of advancement were observed?

Answer 7

Foraging and using tools

Question 8

What were two primary distinctions of the Paleolithic and Neolithic Eras?

Answer 8

Development of agriculture and domestication

Question 9

The Paleolithic Era was different due to specialized labor. How was it different, in a social sense, in what two ways?

Answer 9

Cooperation to survive and social hierarchies

Question 10

With a new hierarchy of wealth, agriculture heightened what social division?

Answer 10

Division of sex, patriarchy

Question 11

Why was the Neolithic Era shorter than the Paleolithic Era?

Answer 11

Rapid expansion and new technologies

Question 12

With new cross cultural connections during the Neolithic Era, what was the most valuable traded commodity?

Answer 12

Trading of copper

Question 13

After the discovery of the valued importance of copper, what new metal and communication techniques were discovered? What was this new age called?

Answer 13

Discovery of bronze and the ability to write; Bronze Age

Question 14

When did the Bronze Age start?

Answer 14

Circa 3,000 - 2,500 BCE

Question 15

During the Paleolithic Era, what continent did they migrate out of?

Answer 15

Continent of Africa

Question 16

With the new agricultural society, what type of ideas began to arise?

Answer 16

Religious ideas of god(s)

Question 17

What was the migration route of the people?

Answer 17

Africa - Eurasia - Australia - Americas

Question 18

What was the major difference between the hominids?

Answer 18

Differing brain size

Question 19

What two places were new technology systems were introduced and sustained by agriculture and irrigation?

Answer 19

The Tigris & Euphrates River Valley and the Nile Valley

Question 20

As societies evolved into civilizations, what changes were there?

Answer 20

Laws about relationships, code of manners, social conduct, and scientific, theoretical, philosophical ideas

Question 21

What did historians rely on to understand ancient civilizations?

Answer 21

Written text

Question 22

Where did states first develop? This place had written law, tradition, and elaborate social hierarchy.

Answer 22

Mesopotamia

Question 23

What types of people sought to rule and control these states using armies, taxation systems, and written record?

Answer 23

Priests and priestess, also called theocracy

Question 24

What is the southern part of Mesopotamia called?

Answer 24

Sumer

Question 25

The Sumerians, and later all of Mesopotamia, believed in many gods and goddesses. What is this religious belief called?

Answer 25

Polytheism

Question 26

After the development of theocracy, what new patriarchal hierarchy developed?

Answer 26

Monarchy

Question 27

Sumerians developed a pictograph of writing called what?

Answer 27

Cuneiform

Question 28

As civilization began to rapidly expand in mesopotamia, so did their wealth. Where did invaders primarily come from?

Answer 28

The north-west

Question 29

What was Mesopotamia's most memorable code? When was it established?

Answer 29

Hammurabi's law code. Circa 1,755 BCE

Question 30

What were some punishments for breaking the law code?

Answer 30

Fines and physical punishment such as mutilation, whipping, and burning

Question 31

What city-state prospered at the same time as the Sumerian-cities?

Answer 31

Egypt

Question 32

What were the best ways to honor the gods?

Answer 32

A grand and impressive temple, often called a ziggurat

Question 33

Who was the focal point for religious and political life in Egypt?

Answer 33

The king

Question 34

The unification of Egypt began after the Archaic Period, which was when?

Answer 34

Circa 2,660 BCE (Old Kingdom)

Question 35

What river was essential to unified Egypt and that promoted communication and trade?

Answer 35

The Nile

Question 36

During the Old Kingdom and New Kingdom, what were their favored gods?

Answer 36

Old Kingdom, sun-god Ra. New Kingdom, sun-god Amon

Question 37

Likewise, the Egyptians developed complex beliefs about the afterlife. What were tombs for the kings called?

Answer 37

The pyramids

Question 38

What group caused political fragmentation of Egypt, which began the Second Intermediate Period?

Answer 38

The Hyksos people

Question 39

What kingdom was in conflict with the Egyptians during 1,600 BCE that lead to an eventual 'tie' between the two?

Answer 39

The Hittities

Question 40

When did the Iron Age begin?

Answer 40

Circa 1,100 BCE

Question 41

What religious belief did the Hebrews introduce? What was the name of their god?

Answer 41

Monotheism, Yahweh

Question 42

What is the name of the Hebrew book that holds their religious traditions, laws, advice, prayers, hymns, history, and prophecies?

Answer 42

The Hebrew Bible

Question 43

What kind of people were the Hebrews?

Answer 43

Nomadic pastoralists

Question 44

Where did the Hebrews settle and how many tribes did they divide into?

Answer 44

Canaan, 12 tribes

Question 45

Who was a rival group of the Hebrews?

Answer 45

The Philistines

Question 46

Which two people lead the Hebrews in war and projects?

Answer 46

Saul and then, his son, Solomon

Question 47

The kingdom of the Hebrews broke into two halves, after Solomon's reign, what were they called? Who wiped them out?

Answer 47

Israel and Judah. The Assyrians and then Babylonians

Question 48

What is the name for the first five books of the Bible? What is their concept called?

Answer 48

The Torah and the Covenant

Question 49

Yahweh appeared to a man, promising he would be blessed and so would his descendants. Who was this man and what religions define that moment as a foundation?

Answer 49

Abraham. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

Question 50

Circa 900 BCE, what group created an empire through brutal military conquests? Where were they from?

Answer 50

The Assyrians. Persia

Question 51

Who were the Assyrians destroyed by?

Answer 51

The Babylonians and Medes

Question 52

What river-valleys in India did civilizations develop?

Answer 52

The Indis River Valley and the Ganjes River Valley

Question 53

What were the names of the two most prominent civilizations that developed?

Answer 53

The Mohenjo-Daro and the Harappa

Question 54

What people dominated India after the Harappans fell?

Answer 54

The Aryan people

Question 55

What two societal developments came from the Aryan people?

Answer 55

The caste system and Brahmanic religion

Question 56

How is the caste system broken down?

Answer 56

1. Brahmin (priests) 2. Kshatriya (warriors or officials) 3. Vaishya (merchants) 4. Shudra (peasants and laborer's)

Question 57

Who is Siddhartha Gautama known as?

Answer 57

Buddha, "enlightened one"

Question 58

What is Buddha's main messages?

Answer 58

The Eightfold path and the Four Noble Truths

Question 59

Hinduism is to follow what moral law and what text?

Answer 59

The Dharma and the Bhagavad Gita

Question 60

What time did China begin to develop?

Answer 60

Circa 1,600 BCE

Question 61

How are Chinese Periods measured? What is the earliest known period?

Answer 61

By their Dynasty. The Shang Dynasty

Question 62

What textile boosted the economy?

Answer 62

Silk

Question 63

The Zhou Dynasty took over after the Shang Dynasty. What was their greatest accomplishment?

Answer 63

The Great Wall of China

Question 64

Two philosophical followings developed in early China. What were they called?

Answer 64

Confucianism and Taoism

Question 65

Most of China's history, education, and culture was shaped by whose teachings?

Answer 65

Confucius