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World History 101 > Chapters 1 - 4 Exam > Flashcards

Chapters 1 - 4 Exam Flashcards

Prepare for first exam in World History

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1
Q

What is the earliest human era? What are its divisions?

A

Stone Age; Old Stone Age (Paleolithic) and New Stone Age (Neolithic)

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2
Q

How were the Stone Ages divided?

A

Use of tools used to survive

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3
Q

What discovery lead to major developments such as warmth, cooking, and light?

A

Discovery of fire

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4
Q

What are three human genus’s?

A

Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and Homo sapiens

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5
Q

When was the Paleolithic Era?

A

Circa 800,000 - 7,500 BCE

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6
Q

When was the Neolithic Era?

A

Circa 7,500 - 3,000 BCE

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7
Q

What two major forms of advancement were observed?

A

Foraging and using tools

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8
Q

What were two primary distinctions of the Paleolithic and Neolithic Eras?

A

Development of agriculture and domestication

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9
Q

The Paleolithic Era was different due to specialized labor. How was it different, in a social sense, in what two ways?

A

Cooperation to survive and social hierarchies

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10
Q

With a new hierarchy of wealth, agriculture heightened what social division?

A

Division of sex, patriarchy

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11
Q

Why was the Neolithic Era shorter than the Paleolithic Era?

A

Rapid expansion and new technologies

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12
Q

With new cross cultural connections during the Neolithic Era, what was the most valuable traded commodity?

A

Trading of copper

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13
Q

After the discovery of the valued importance of copper, what new metal and communication techniques were discovered? What was this new age called?

A

Discovery of bronze and the ability to write; Bronze Age

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14
Q

When did the Bronze Age start?

A

Circa 3,000 - 2,500 BCE

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15
Q

During the Paleolithic Era, what continent did they migrate out of?

A

Continent of Africa

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16
Q

With the new agricultural society, what type of ideas began to arise?

A

Religious ideas of god(s)

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17
Q

What was the migration route of the people?

A

Africa - Eurasia - Australia - Americas

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18
Q

What was the major difference between the hominids?

A

Differing brain size

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19
Q

What two places were new technology systems were introduced and sustained by agriculture and irrigation?

A

The Tigris & Euphrates River Valley and the Nile Valley

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20
Q

As societies evolved into civilizations, what changes were there?

A

Laws about relationships, code of manners, social conduct, and scientific, theoretical, philosophical ideas

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21
Q

What did historians rely on to understand ancient civilizations?

A

Written text

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22
Q

Where did states first develop? This place had written law, tradition, and elaborate social hierarchy.

A

Mesopotamia

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23
Q

What types of people sought to rule and control these states using armies, taxation systems, and written record?

A

Priests and priestess, also called theocracy

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24
Q

What is the southern part of Mesopotamia called?

A

Sumer

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25
Q

The Sumerians, and later all of Mesopotamia, believed in many gods and goddesses. What is this religious belief called?

A

Polytheism

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26
Q

After the development of theocracy, what new patriarchal hierarchy developed?

A

Monarchy

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27
Q

Sumerians developed a pictograph of writing called what?

A

Cuneiform

28
Q

As civilization began to rapidly expand in mesopotamia, so did their wealth. Where did invaders primarily come from?

A

The north-west

29
Q

What was Mesopotamia’s most memorable code? When was it established?

A

Hammurabi’s law code. Circa 1,755 BCE

30
Q

What were some punishments for breaking the law code?

A

Fines and physical punishment such as mutilation, whipping, and burning

31
Q

What city-state prospered at the same time as the Sumerian-cities?

A

Egypt

32
Q

What were the best ways to honor the gods?

A

A grand and impressive temple, often called a ziggurat

33
Q

Who was the focal point for religious and political life in Egypt?

A

The king

34
Q

The unification of Egypt began after the Archaic Period, which was when?

A

Circa 2,660 BCE (Old Kingdom)

35
Q

What river was essential to unified Egypt and that promoted communication and trade?

A

The Nile

36
Q

During the Old Kingdom and New Kingdom, what were their favored gods?

A

Old Kingdom, sun-god Ra. New Kingdom, sun-god Amon

37
Q

Likewise, the Egyptians developed complex beliefs about the afterlife. What were tombs for the kings called?

A

The pyramids

38
Q

What group caused political fragmentation of Egypt, which began the Second Intermediate Period?

A

The Hyksos people

39
Q

What kingdom was in conflict with the Egyptians during 1,600 BCE that lead to an eventual ‘tie’ between the two?

A

The Hittities

40
Q

When did the Iron Age begin?

A

Circa 1,100 BCE

41
Q

What religious belief did the Hebrews introduce? What was the name of their god?

A

Monotheism, Yahweh

42
Q

What is the name of the Hebrew book that holds their religious traditions, laws, advice, prayers, hymns, history, and prophecies?

A

The Hebrew Bible

43
Q

What kind of people were the Hebrews?

A

Nomadic pastoralists

44
Q

Where did the Hebrews settle and how many tribes did they divide into?

A

Canaan, 12 tribes

45
Q

Who was a rival group of the Hebrews?

A

The Philistines

46
Q

Which two people lead the Hebrews in war and projects?

A

Saul and then, his son, Solomon

47
Q

The kingdom of the Hebrews broke into two halves, after Solomon’s reign, what were they called? Who wiped them out?

A

Israel and Judah. The Assyrians and then Babylonians

48
Q

What is the name for the first five books of the Bible? What is their concept called?

A

The Torah and the Covenant

49
Q

Yahweh appeared to a man, promising he would be blessed and so would his descendants. Who was this man and what religions define that moment as a foundation?

A

Abraham. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

50
Q

Circa 900 BCE, what group created an empire through brutal military conquests? Where were they from?

A

The Assyrians. Persia

51
Q

Who were the Assyrians destroyed by?

A

The Babylonians and Medes

52
Q

What river-valleys in India did civilizations develop?

A

The Indis River Valley and the Ganjes River Valley

53
Q

What were the names of the two most prominent civilizations that developed?

A

The Mohenjo-Daro and the Harappa

54
Q

What people dominated India after the Harappans fell?

A

The Aryan people

55
Q

What two societal developments came from the Aryan people?

A

The caste system and Brahmanic religion

56
Q

How is the caste system broken down?

A
  1. Brahmin (priests)
  2. Kshatriya (warriors or officials)
  3. Vaishya (merchants)
  4. Shudra (peasants and laborer’s)
57
Q

Who is Siddhartha Gautama known as?

A

Buddha, “enlightened one”

58
Q

What is Buddha’s main messages?

A

The Eightfold path and the Four Noble Truths

59
Q

Hinduism is to follow what moral law and what text?

A

The Dharma and the Bhagavad Gita

60
Q

What time did China begin to develop?

A

Circa 1,600 BCE

61
Q

How are Chinese Periods measured? What is the earliest known period?

A

By their Dynasty. The Shang Dynasty

62
Q

What textile boosted the economy?

A

Silk

63
Q

The Zhou Dynasty took over after the Shang Dynasty. What was their greatest accomplishment?

A

The Great Wall of China

64
Q

Two philosophical followings developed in early China. What were they called?

A

Confucianism and Taoism

65
Q

Most of China’s history, education, and culture was shaped by whose teachings?

A

Confucius

World History 101 (2 decks)

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