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Phycology > chapters 1-4 > Flashcards

chapters 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is psychology, what does it seek to understand, and what are its main goals?

A

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes to describe, explain, predict and change behavior

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2
Q

Nature/Nurture

A

The ongoing dispute over the relative contributors of nature (biological and genetic factors) and nurture (environment) to the development of behavior and mental processes.

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3
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

specific prediction

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4
Q

What is structuralism and what important contribution did it contribute to psychology?

A

established a model for the scientific study of mental processes

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5
Q

What is sociocultural?

A

social influences and cultural interactions

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6
Q

What is evolutionary psychology?

A

evolution of behavior

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7
Q

What is APA?

A

American Psychological Association

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8
Q

What are the 3 areas of ethical concern?

A

human, non human and psychotherapy clients

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9
Q

What is informed consent?

A

a researcher must disclose potential physical risks and potential discomforts

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10
Q

Causation/Correlation

A

indicates relationship; can predict likelihood

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11
Q

What are experiment?

A

a carefully controlled scientific procedure that determines whether variables manipulated by the experimenter have a causal effect on other variables

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12
Q

control group

A

receives no treatment

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13
Q

independent variable

A

manipulated

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14
Q

dependent variable

A

measured

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15
Q

What are the advantages of surveys?

A

can be used on larger samples than other research methods

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16
Q

What are genes?

A

found on chromosomes and determine what traits you will possess

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17
Q

hormones

A

chemicals manufactured by the endocrine glands

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18
Q

chromosomes

A

threadlike strands of DNA

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19
Q

neurons

A

basic units of the brain and nervous system

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20
Q

dendrites

A

receive information

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21
Q

What is the central nervous system consist of?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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22
Q

What is heritability?

A

Measure of the degree something can be inherited, related to genetics

23
Q

What is dominant and recessive genes and how do they manifest?

A

dominant needs 1 gene, recessive you need 2 genes

24
Q

serotonin

A

think depression

25
Q

cortisol

A

think stress

26
Q

What is rooting reflex?

A

stroking infant’s cheek, baby turns to that side and starts sucking motion

27
Q

What is the hypothalamus?

A

maintains homeostasis and regulates emotion

28
Q

What is stress?

A

non specific response of the body

29
Q

stressor

A

trigger

30
Q

eustress

A

good stress example - moderate exercise

31
Q

distress

A

bad stress

32
Q

burnout

A

physical and mental exhaustion

33
Q

frustration

A

result of a blocked goal

34
Q

What are the different conflicts and what do they mean?

A

approach-approach- 2 equally desirable options

avoidance-avoidance - equally undesirable options

approach-avoidance – one desirable and one undesirable option

35
Q

What is Type A personality?

A

intense ambition

36
Q

What is Type B personality?

A

calm and patient

37
Q

What is hardiness?

A

LEARNED behavior

38
Q

What is coping?

A

managing stress in an effective way

39
Q

What affects ability to cope?

A

coping strategy used and available resources

40
Q

What are ulcers associated with?

A

increase in stress hormones and hydrochloric acid

41
Q

PTSD

A

result of traumatic event and characterized by nightmares, flashbacks and impaired functioning

42
Q

Health psychologists?

A

study how biological, psychological, and social factors interact in health and fitness

43
Q

What is sensation?

A

Detecting, converting and transmitting raw sensory data

44
Q

What is perception?

A

Process of 3 things; selecting, organizing and interpreting

45
Q

Coding

A

process by which your visual receptors are stimulated and information is sent along the optic nerve to the occipital lobe

46
Q

What is difference threshold?

A

minimum amount of stimulus (such as color) that is required to detect a difference

47
Q

Subliminal stimulus

A

Any stimulus present below the required threshold of a person’s conscious awareness

48
Q

Decibels

A

how loudness is measured

49
Q

High decibels can lead to?

A

nerve deafness

50
Q

Cocktail Party effect

A

talking to one group of people then your attention is drawn to another group of people when you hear your name mentioned

51
Q

Depth Perception and visual cliff

A

inborn because infants and animal babies show fear at the edge of “cliffs”

52
Q

Bottom-up processing

A

starting at the bottom with details being important

53
Q

Top-Down Processing

A

understanding larger concept; details not as important; example – being able to read a sentence with a lot of misspellings

54
Q

What is ESP?

A

the alleged ability to perceive things that cannot be perceived with the usual sensory channels

Phycology (1 decks)

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