Chapters 1-4

Question 1

What is Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection?

Answer 1

It is the evolutionary process of all animals….those who can adapt to their environments will pass on genes while others who do not live will not have off spring

Question 2

What are some common miss conceptions about Natural Selection?

Answer 2

the survivor of the fittest is a killing beast….it only has to do with is the best fighter

Question 3

What is Runaway evolution?

Answer 3

when a trait is possessed by a species that helps it attract mates but not help it survive….crabs with one big claw…fish that can be male and disguise as female

Question 4

What is a proximate cause?

Answer 4

this is the how…can be caused by hormones, nervous system, environment…..One fish attacks anything red even if not resembling fish

Question 5

What is the ultimate cause

Answer 5

the why things happen….fish attacked to protect his young

Question 6

Give proximate and ultimate cause examples of Beldings Squirell.

Answer 6

When a squirrel becomes sexually mature it leaves the nest in search of a mate……Proximate Cause is hormone changes and testosterone increases
….The ultimate cause is to mate and reproduce

Question 7

What are Niko Tinbergen’s 4 Questions to understand animal behavior?

Answer 7

How does the organism develop?
What is the mechanism responsible?
What is the History of the trait?
Why is it adaptive?

Question 8

Who is Niko Tinbergen?

Answer 8

Pioneer of animal behavior…..watches animals in their natural environment….manipulates things in nature

Question 9

What are some methods of research in Comparative Psychology?

Answer 9

Observational, Experimental, Comparative

Question 10

What is communication is Comparative?

Answer 10

a waveform that is measured and categorized….

Question 11

Do birds have different dialects amongst the same species?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

What happened in bird experiment?

Answer 12

1 regular son….1 deaf son….the regular son sang like hi dad whereas the deaf son did not sing like his dad…proves that their communication is learned

Question 13

What kind of song does the Female European Sterling Prefer?

Answer 13

Birds that can sing the longest

Question 14

Are swamp sparrows single song or multi songbirds

Answer 14

multi-song

Question 15

Does song production come from one or multiple parts of the brain?

Answer 15

multi

Question 16

What determines song selection in bird?

Answer 16

Natural Selection…..cortex size

Question 17

What is cooperative breeding?

Answer 17

all in a particular area dense population…battle for mates….most elaborate songs

Question 18

What is noncooperative breeding?

Answer 18

the mates are far apart

Question 19

Will birds sing when caged in with female bird?

Answer 19

no…but when separated he will sing desperately

Question 20

what percentage of genes do bee animals have split between parents?

Answer 20

70% of genes from mother and 30 from dad

Question 21

What is the interactive theory?

Answer 21

suggests that the development of behaviors traits require both genetic information and environment inputs

Question 22

How do bees represent the interactive theory?

Answer 22

they have bee genes and depending on where they are born in the environment will determine their jobs

Question 23

What is evolutionary genetics?

Answer 23

examining how DNA leads to evolutionary change in comparing sequence variation amongst species with different traits….

Question 24

What is functional Genomics?

Answer 24

comparing genes or protein expression that exhibit different traits

Question 25

What is the armpit hypothesis?

Answer 25

The idea that individuals learn their own scent and use this information as a reference against other odors…

Question 26

What are some examples of the armpit hypothesis?

Answer 26

Lions can differentiate their own cubs from other lions cubs….squirrels can know who their family is only scent even if they have not spent a day together

Question 27

What is the difference between common red start vs black red start birds?

Answer 27

share the same genetic level that cant be told apart unless looked at at protein level….genes determine their location of migration

Question 28

What is imprinting?

Answer 28

a form of copying what an animal is doing…common in birds….birds use imprinting for learning song

Question 29

Who trained many birds

Answer 29

Konrad Lorenz

Question 30

What bird is good at spatial learning?

Answer 30

they will remember nesting spots….male are better at this

Question 31

What is operant conditioning?

Answer 31

learning by reinforcement and punishment

Question 32

What is tast aversion?

Answer 32

learning that certain food makes you sick

Question 33

Social Experience Hypothesis?

Answer 33

young animals need to social experience to develop behavior

Question 34

What is developmental homeostasis?

Answer 34

the idea that animals can grow up and be normal despite being in a defensive environment

Question 35

What are switch mechanisms?

Answer 35

different phenotypes can be present due to the certain gene being turned on

Question 36

What is a stimulus?

Answer 36

something that illicits a response….a sensory signal capable of triggering a series of behaviors…

Question 37

What is a stimulus in bees?… Aka overgeneralization

Answer 37

the fingertip can make a bee go into mating mode because it is warm like a bee back.

Question 38

What is a releaser?

Answer 38

something that causes natural action to occur

Question 39

What are fixed action patterns?

Answer 39

something that is programmed in the animal that is performed until the need is meet

Question 40

What is a brood parasite?

Answer 40

when a bird lays her egg in another nest

Question 41

what is the command center hypothesis?

Answer 41

animals have ganglia that allow the animals to do things without thought and allow the animal to truly multi-task

Question 42

What is cooperative learning?

Answer 42

animals working together