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Soc. Studies Chapter 8 > chapters 1-4 > Flashcards

chapters 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

monopoly

A

complete control of good or service in an area, by either a person or group

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2
Q

coerce

A

forced to obey laws against their will

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3
Q

blockade

A

to use warships to prevent other ships from entering or leaving a harbor

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4
Q

quarter

A

to provide or pay for housing

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5
Q

petition

A

signed request made to official person or organization

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6
Q

minutemen

A

member of Massachusetts colony militia who could be ready to fight the British

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7
Q

revolution

A

sudden and complete change of government

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8
Q

commander in chief

A

leader of all military forces

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9
Q

earthwork

A

walls made of earth and stone

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10
Q

olive branch

A

ancient symbol of peace

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11
Q

alliance

A

formal agreement among groups or individuals

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12
Q

delegate

A

law making body of British(representatives)

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13
Q

parliament

A

government

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14
Q

proclamation

A

a public anouncement

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15
Q

budget

A

plan for spending money

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16
Q

representation

A

voice in parliament

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17
Q

treason

A

guilty of working against his own government

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18
Q

committee of corespondence

A

members of committee who write letters sent to other colonies( keeping colonies informed and united in common cause )

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19
Q

boycott

A

refuse to buy something

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20
Q

repeal

A

to take back the act

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21
Q

King George III

A

king of Britain during the revolutionary war

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22
Q

George Grenville

A

British prime minister who passed the Stamp Act in 1765

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23
Q

Patrick Henry

A

Virginia leader who spoke out against British policies and later opposed constitution

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24
Q

Samuel Adams

A

American revolutionary who set up committee of correspondence in Boston; He also formed the Sons of Liberty

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25
Q

Crispus Attucks

A

African American that was killed during the Boston Massacre

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26
Q

Paul Revere

A

Massachusetts colonist that warned Patriots that the British were marching towards Concord

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27
Q

John Hancock

A

Leader of the Sons of Liberty in Massachusetts

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28
Q

George Washington

A

Leader of the Continental army during the Revolutionary war( commander in chief )

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29
Q

John Dickenson

A

member of the Continental Congress who helped write the Articles of Confederation

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30
Q

John Adams

A

Delegate from Massachusetts

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31
Q

Benjamin Franklin

A

American leader and delegate to Constitutional convention and respected scientist and business leader

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32
Q

When and where did the Boston Tea Party take place?

A
  • December 16th, 1773

- Boston, Massachusetts

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33
Q

Why could colonial tea merchants not make money in the tea trade?

A

As a result of the monopoly, only the East India Company legally sell tea to the colonies.

34
Q

Did the British government’s plan work? Why or why not?

A
  • Did not work
  • Colonists decided to boycott tea
  • more than 1000 colonists decided to protest
35
Q

What did the Sons of Liberty do to protest East India Company ships docking in Boston Harbor?

A

They dressed up as Mohawk Indians and marched into Boston Harbor

36
Q

Why did British pass the Coersive Acts?

A

To punish Massachusetts colonists

37
Q

Describe the Coercive Acts ( there are 3 of them )

A
  • Cancelled colonial government in Massachusetts
  • Boston Port/Harbor is closed ( until tea damage was paid for )
  • Quarter British soldiers in houses
38
Q

What did the Coercive Acts leave the colonists to think about Britain?

A

Britain was now a common enemy

39
Q

Who was present at the First Continental Congress, and what was the purpose of the meeting?

A
  • Representatives from all 13 colonies

- to organize colonial resistance against Parliament’s Coercive Acts

40
Q

What did delegates decide to do( be Specific )?

A

send a signed request to King stating basic rights as British citizens( voting rights/representation)

1) Right to assemble
2) Right to Life and Liberty
3) Right to travel by jury

41
Q

Why did General Gage send British soldiers to Lexington and Concord?

A

Lexington-capture Samuel Adams and John Hancock

Concord-find hidden guns and cannons

42
Q

Why was the British decision to march to Lexington and Concord not a secret?

A

Paul Revere found out about the plan, so he warned everybody

43
Q

What happened at Lexington and Concord?

A
  • when the British men arrived, minutemen were waiting for them
  • John Parker ordered his men to stand ground
  • colonists fired starting the revolution
44
Q

Explain the statement, “The shot heard round the world”

A

fighting marked the first step in creating the USA

45
Q

When, where, and why was the Second Continental Congress called to meet?

A
  • 1775
  • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
  • to decide what to do about the war
46
Q

What did congress agree on by June?

A

Colonies should prepare for war

47
Q

Describe the Continental Army

A
  • First united colonial army in 13 colonies

- made up of full time soldiers

48
Q

Who was the commander in chief of the army and why?

A
  • George Washington

- fought in the French and Indian war

49
Q

How did congress supply the army with guns, food, and uniforms, and how did they pay the soldiers?

A

-asked each colony to contribute money to pay for guns, food and uniforms

50
Q

Why did Israel Putnam, commander of the Continental army, tell Continental soldiers, “ Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes”

A

To save bullets

51
Q

The British won the Battle of Bunkerhill( actually fought on Breed’s Hill ), but they faced challenges. Describe the challenges and difficulties faced by the British Army.

A
  • fighting on a hill had been fiercer than expected
  • twice they were forced back to the river
  • ran out of ammunition
52
Q

Explain what the Olive Branch Petition was and why it was sent.

A
  • ancient symbol of peace

- to avoid more fighting

53
Q

What was King George’s response to the Olive Branch Petition?

A

Send more troops to the colonies

54
Q

Why did Parliament need more money? What act did they pass in 1764?

A
  • to pay off costs of the war

- the Sugar Act

55
Q

What was the Stamp Act?

A

An act that placed tax on paper documents in the colonies( newspapers, legal documents, playing cards )

56
Q

What was the reaction to the Stamp Act being passed?

A
  • quick and angry

- colonists said that Parliament couldn’t tax them because colonists had no representation/voice in British Parliament

57
Q

What happened when delegates from the nine colonies met in New York?

A
  • James Otis spoke against the stamp act

- colonists began repeating the words” no taxation without representation”

58
Q

Why were the committees of Correspondence formed?

A

To speed information

59
Q

How was it used in Boston? New York?

A

New York-wrote about important events

Boston-writing to other cities and towns asking to protest British imperial policies to oppose

60
Q

Colonists soon spoke out about the need for a ______ in every _________.

A
  • Committee of Correspondence

- colony

61
Q

What did colonists do to protest the British Stamp Act?

A
  • decided to buy goods that were taxed

- more and more colonists decided to boycott British goods

62
Q

Who were the Sons of Liberty? And what did they do?

A
  • group of colonists working to stop taxation

- captured British officials who tried to collect tax

63
Q

What was a result of the boycott?

A
  • sales of British goods in the colonies fell by almost one half
  • people in England lost money, were upset and protested to British Parliament; repeated Stamp Act
64
Q

What were the Townshend Acts?

A
  • tax imports( glass, tea, paint, and paper ) brought into the colonies
  • setup a new group of tax collectors
65
Q

What did the Daughters of Liberty ask the colonists to do?

A
  • stop drinking British Tea and British goods( colonists don’t buy them)
  • women made their own clothes/made tea from local plants
66
Q

Were the Townshend Acts successful? Why or why not?

A
  • the Townshend Acts weren’t successful
  • new group of tax collectors
  • British government showed Parliament still had authority to make laws for colonists
67
Q

How did the colonists react to having British soldiers in their colonies?

A

Angered them

68
Q

What was the cause of the Boston Massacre?

A

-because British soldiers were calling colonists lobster backs and red jackets

69
Q

What caused the British and French to compete for the Ohio River Valley?

A
  • was a region that stretches about 1000 miles along Ohio River
  • for land
70
Q

What did the French do to secure this area?

A

Sent soldiers to Ohio Valley to drive out British traders

71
Q

How did the British view their actions?

A

as an act of war

72
Q

What was the first battle of the French and Indian War?

A

Fort Necessity

73
Q

Who led the battle?

A

George Washington

74
Q

What was the Albany Plan of Union? Why was it rejected?

A
  • join together under one government to fight French
  • French vs. British
  • rejected because weren’t willing to work together
75
Q

How did the British Parliament help the colonists win the French and Indian War?

A

sent an army to colonies to help fight French

76
Q

Compare the fighting styles of the British and the French

A

-French fought like Indian allies and British were trained

77
Q

What was the effect of the Treaty of Paris? ( Explain who got what )

A
  • Gave Britain/England most of Canada
  • all lands east of Mississippi River and Florida
  • Spain got most of lands west of the Mississippi River
78
Q

Why did King George III make the Proclamation of 1763?

A

-wanted to end war/peace between colonists and native americans

79
Q

What did the Proclamation state?

A

-Lands west of Appellation mountains belonged to the Indians

80
Q

How did the colonists feel about the Proclamation?

A

Ignored it

Soc. Studies Chapter 8 (1 decks)

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