chapters 1-4 Flashcards
monopoly
complete control of good or service in an area, by either a person or group
coerce
forced to obey laws against their will
blockade
to use warships to prevent other ships from entering or leaving a harbor
quarter
to provide or pay for housing
petition
signed request made to official person or organization
minutemen
member of Massachusetts colony militia who could be ready to fight the British
revolution
sudden and complete change of government
commander in chief
leader of all military forces
earthwork
walls made of earth and stone
olive branch
ancient symbol of peace
alliance
formal agreement among groups or individuals
delegate
law making body of British(representatives)
parliament
government
proclamation
a public anouncement
budget
plan for spending money
representation
voice in parliament
treason
guilty of working against his own government
committee of corespondence
members of committee who write letters sent to other colonies( keeping colonies informed and united in common cause )
boycott
refuse to buy something
repeal
to take back the act
King George III
king of Britain during the revolutionary war
George Grenville
British prime minister who passed the Stamp Act in 1765
Patrick Henry
Virginia leader who spoke out against British policies and later opposed constitution
Samuel Adams
American revolutionary who set up committee of correspondence in Boston; He also formed the Sons of Liberty
Crispus Attucks
African American that was killed during the Boston Massacre
Paul Revere
Massachusetts colonist that warned Patriots that the British were marching towards Concord
John Hancock
Leader of the Sons of Liberty in Massachusetts
George Washington
Leader of the Continental army during the Revolutionary war( commander in chief )
John Dickenson
member of the Continental Congress who helped write the Articles of Confederation
John Adams
Delegate from Massachusetts
Benjamin Franklin
American leader and delegate to Constitutional convention and respected scientist and business leader
When and where did the Boston Tea Party take place?
- December 16th, 1773
- Boston, Massachusetts
Why could colonial tea merchants not make money in the tea trade?
As a result of the monopoly, only the East India Company legally sell tea to the colonies.
Did the British government’s plan work? Why or why not?
- Did not work
- Colonists decided to boycott tea
- more than 1000 colonists decided to protest
What did the Sons of Liberty do to protest East India Company ships docking in Boston Harbor?
They dressed up as Mohawk Indians and marched into Boston Harbor
Why did British pass the Coersive Acts?
To punish Massachusetts colonists
Describe the Coercive Acts ( there are 3 of them )
- Cancelled colonial government in Massachusetts
- Boston Port/Harbor is closed ( until tea damage was paid for )
- Quarter British soldiers in houses
What did the Coercive Acts leave the colonists to think about Britain?
Britain was now a common enemy
Who was present at the First Continental Congress, and what was the purpose of the meeting?
- Representatives from all 13 colonies
- to organize colonial resistance against Parliament’s Coercive Acts
What did delegates decide to do( be Specific )?
send a signed request to King stating basic rights as British citizens( voting rights/representation)
1) Right to assemble
2) Right to Life and Liberty
3) Right to travel by jury
Why did General Gage send British soldiers to Lexington and Concord?
Lexington-capture Samuel Adams and John Hancock
Concord-find hidden guns and cannons
Why was the British decision to march to Lexington and Concord not a secret?
Paul Revere found out about the plan, so he warned everybody
What happened at Lexington and Concord?
- when the British men arrived, minutemen were waiting for them
- John Parker ordered his men to stand ground
- colonists fired starting the revolution
Explain the statement, “The shot heard round the world”
fighting marked the first step in creating the USA
When, where, and why was the Second Continental Congress called to meet?
- 1775
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- to decide what to do about the war
What did congress agree on by June?
Colonies should prepare for war
Describe the Continental Army
- First united colonial army in 13 colonies
- made up of full time soldiers
Who was the commander in chief of the army and why?
- George Washington
- fought in the French and Indian war
How did congress supply the army with guns, food, and uniforms, and how did they pay the soldiers?
-asked each colony to contribute money to pay for guns, food and uniforms
Why did Israel Putnam, commander of the Continental army, tell Continental soldiers, “ Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes”
To save bullets
The British won the Battle of Bunkerhill( actually fought on Breed’s Hill ), but they faced challenges. Describe the challenges and difficulties faced by the British Army.
- fighting on a hill had been fiercer than expected
- twice they were forced back to the river
- ran out of ammunition
Explain what the Olive Branch Petition was and why it was sent.
- ancient symbol of peace
- to avoid more fighting
What was King George’s response to the Olive Branch Petition?
Send more troops to the colonies
Why did Parliament need more money? What act did they pass in 1764?
- to pay off costs of the war
- the Sugar Act
What was the Stamp Act?
An act that placed tax on paper documents in the colonies( newspapers, legal documents, playing cards )
What was the reaction to the Stamp Act being passed?
- quick and angry
- colonists said that Parliament couldn’t tax them because colonists had no representation/voice in British Parliament
What happened when delegates from the nine colonies met in New York?
- James Otis spoke against the stamp act
- colonists began repeating the words” no taxation without representation”
Why were the committees of Correspondence formed?
To speed information
How was it used in Boston? New York?
New York-wrote about important events
Boston-writing to other cities and towns asking to protest British imperial policies to oppose
Colonists soon spoke out about the need for a ______ in every _________.
- Committee of Correspondence
- colony
What did colonists do to protest the British Stamp Act?
- decided to buy goods that were taxed
- more and more colonists decided to boycott British goods
Who were the Sons of Liberty? And what did they do?
- group of colonists working to stop taxation
- captured British officials who tried to collect tax
What was a result of the boycott?
- sales of British goods in the colonies fell by almost one half
- people in England lost money, were upset and protested to British Parliament; repeated Stamp Act
What were the Townshend Acts?
- tax imports( glass, tea, paint, and paper ) brought into the colonies
- setup a new group of tax collectors
What did the Daughters of Liberty ask the colonists to do?
- stop drinking British Tea and British goods( colonists don’t buy them)
- women made their own clothes/made tea from local plants
Were the Townshend Acts successful? Why or why not?
- the Townshend Acts weren’t successful
- new group of tax collectors
- British government showed Parliament still had authority to make laws for colonists
How did the colonists react to having British soldiers in their colonies?
Angered them
What was the cause of the Boston Massacre?
-because British soldiers were calling colonists lobster backs and red jackets
What caused the British and French to compete for the Ohio River Valley?
- was a region that stretches about 1000 miles along Ohio River
- for land
What did the French do to secure this area?
Sent soldiers to Ohio Valley to drive out British traders
How did the British view their actions?
as an act of war
What was the first battle of the French and Indian War?
Fort Necessity
Who led the battle?
George Washington
What was the Albany Plan of Union? Why was it rejected?
- join together under one government to fight French
- French vs. British
- rejected because weren’t willing to work together
How did the British Parliament help the colonists win the French and Indian War?
sent an army to colonies to help fight French
Compare the fighting styles of the British and the French
-French fought like Indian allies and British were trained
What was the effect of the Treaty of Paris? ( Explain who got what )
- Gave Britain/England most of Canada
- all lands east of Mississippi River and Florida
- Spain got most of lands west of the Mississippi River
Why did King George III make the Proclamation of 1763?
-wanted to end war/peace between colonists and native americans
What did the Proclamation state?
-Lands west of Appellation mountains belonged to the Indians
How did the colonists feel about the Proclamation?
Ignored it
