Chapters 1-4 Flashcards
Sequences that don’t code for identifiable proteins but in many cases produce molecules that influence the actions of coding sequences
noncoding sequences
stresses that human beings can only be understood by brooding our perspective one time and space. -perspective avoids ethnocentrism
anthropological perspective
the organelle that contains the DNA and controls the process of a cell
nucleus
cultural anthropology, anthropological linguistics, archaeology, biological or physical anthropology, applied anthropology
anthropology sub-fields
the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis also called crossing over
recombination
the view that most of earths geological features are the result of large scale catastrophes such as floods, volcanic eruption
catastrophism
1732-1802
Grandfather of Charles Darwin physician, inventor, natural philosopher, supporter of Lamarck
Erasmus Darwin
genes that influence the activity of other genes
regulatory genes
the mutual interactive evolution of human biology and culture; the concept that biology makes culture possible and that developing culture further influences the direction of biological evolution
bio-cultural evolution
study of disease and injury in skeletons from archeological sites
paleopathology
detailed descriptive studies of human societies in cultural anthropology an ethnography is traditionally the study of a non western society
ethnography’s
relying on experience or observation; not merely theoretical
empirical
descriptive of an allele in a heterozygous individual that appears to be the only one affecting a trait
dominant
the focus within biological anthropology that is concerned with the biology and behavior of non human primates
primatology
the study of skeletal remains from archaeological sites
bioarchaeology
an allele is an alternative form of a gene that is located at a specific position on a specific chromosome
allele
Alleles for one charateristic assort or divide up among the gametes during mieosis independently of other alleles for other characteristics
principle of independent assortment
Basic units of DNA molecule, composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and one of 4 DNA bases
nucleotides
genetically determined classes of human blood that are based on the presence or absence of carbohydrates A and B on the surface of red blood cells; the phenotypes, also called blood types, are A, B, AB, and O
abo blood group
deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring
DNA
characteristics that are influenced by alleles at only one genetic locus
Mendelian traits
behavioral aspects of human adaptation, including technology, traditions, language, religion, marriage patterns, and social roles. Culture is a set of learned behaviors transmitted from on generation to the next by non biological (that is non genetic)means.
culture
Professional collector responsible for the finds of marine reptiles.
Her work was not respected because she was a woman.
One of the world’s foremost experts on fossils, self taught expert on comparative anatomy.
Discovered the first plesiosaur
Discovered the first complete skeleton of an icthyosaur
Mary Anning
sex cells
gametes
The assembly of chains of amino acids into functional protein molecules
protein synthesis
A type of RNA, synthesized from DNA, that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.
mRNA
a change in the genetic structure of a population. The term is also sometimes used to refer to the appearance of a new species.
evolution
transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome
tRNA
a provisional explanation of a phenomenon. requires verification or falsification through testing.
hypotheses
A method of producing thousands of copies of DNA segment using the enzyme DNA polymerase
polymerase chain reaction
describes a trait or an allele that is expressed only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristic are inherited
recessive
When gametes form, each pair of factors will separate, with one half of the gametes getting one factor and one half of the gametes getting the other factor
principle of segregation
Pertaining to groups of organisms that, mainly because of genetic differences, are prevented from mating and producing offspring with members of other groups. (John Ray)
reproductively isolated
a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
cytoplasm
Chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect another.
hormones
The use of anthropological knowledge and methods to solve practical problems, often for a specific client.
applied anthropology
a non-coding, intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene
introns
A small amount of DNA that is located in the mitochondria of cells. Mitochondrial DNA is inherited only through the mother.
mitochondrial DNA