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A&P 1 > Chapters 1 - 4 > Flashcards

Chapters 1 - 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Metabolism

A

The sum of all chemical reactions in the body

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2
Q

Catabolism

A

breaking substances down (releases energy)

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3
Q

Anabolism

A

Building complex substances from simple substances (uses energy)

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4
Q

Mass

A

amount of matter a substance contains

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5
Q

Energy

A

capacity to do work or put matter into motion

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6
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy of motion

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7
Q

Potential energy

A

stored energy

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8
Q

Proton

A

Positively charged molecule (p+)

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9
Q

Neutron

A

Neutral molecule (n0)

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10
Q

Electron

A

Negatively charged molecule(e-)

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11
Q

Nucleus

A

mass of neutrons and protons in the center of the electron cloud

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12
Q

Valence Shell

A

outermost shell of electrons around an atom

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13
Q

Atomic Number

A

Protons - also electrons

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14
Q

Atomic weight - Atomic number

A

Neutrons

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15
Q

Isotopes

A

Change in NEUTRONS

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16
Q

How do you get an Ion?

A

Change in ELECTRONS

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17
Q

Types of ions

A

Cations and Anions

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18
Q

Which is positive and negative with cations and anions?

A

Cations = Positive (cats have paws)
Anions = Negative (onions/anions are bad/negative)

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19
Q

Which subatomic particle is responsible for the identification of an element?

A

The proton

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20
Q

Are ionic bonds weak or strong?

A

Weak

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21
Q

Are covalent bonds weak or strong?

A

Strong

22
Q

What is a hydrogen bond?

A

Where Hydrogen is covalently bonded to Nitrogen, oxygen, or Flourine

23
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

When molecules gain or lose electrons to another

24
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

When molecules share electrons

25
Q

Inorganic molecules contain ___

A

Carbon or Hydrogen (but NOT both)

26
Q

Most important inorganic molecule?

A

WATER - prevents sudden change in temp, dissolves things

27
Q

What are the four types of organic molecules?

A

Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, and Carbohydrates

28
Q

If a number is higher on the pH scale, is it more acidic or more basic?

A

BASIC

29
Q

Which are the donors and acceptors with Acids and Bases?

A

Acids: proton DONOR (H+)
Bases: proton ACCEPTOR (OH-)

30
Q

What is the monomer and polymer of a carbohydrate?

A

Monomer: monosaccharides (glucose + fructose)
Polymer: Polysaccharides (maltose + glycogen + cellulose + starch)

31
Q

What is the function of a carbohydrate?

A

Energy + structural support

32
Q

What elements are Lipids?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, some Oxygen

33
Q

What are the monomer and polymers of a lipid?

A

Monomer: Fatty acid and Cholesterol
Polymer: Fats (triglycerides, phospholipids)

34
Q

What is the function of a lipid?

A

Energy + structural support + messengers + protection + insulation

35
Q

What are the elements of proteins?

A

Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen and Nitrogen (CHON)

36
Q

What are the monomers and Polymers of a protein?

A

Monomer: Amino acid (20 types)
Polymer: polypeptides(over 2 million)

37
Q

What is the function of protein?

A

Structural + enzymatic + regulatory

38
Q

What are the elements of nucleic acids?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus(CHONP)

39
Q

What are the monomer and polymers of nucleic acids?

A

Monomer: Nucleotides (5 carbon + phosphate + nitrogenous base)
Polymer: DNA and RNA

40
Q

What is the function of nucleic acids?

A

DNA - store genetic info
RNA - function in protein synthesis

41
Q

What are the 3 main parts of a Eukaryotic cell?

A

Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus

42
Q

What is ATP?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate - a molecule that stores and provides energy for cells in ALL living organisms

43
Q

What are the two types of transport?

A

Passive and active

44
Q

What is Tonicity?

A

The ability of a solution to make water move in or out of a cell, affecting its size and shape.

45
Q

Types of tonicity?

A

Hypotonic, Isotonic, Hypertonic

46
Q

What are the 3 types of cellular junctions?

A

Tight junction, Desmosomes, Gap junctions

47
Q

When does transcription happen?

A

When you turn DNA to RNA

48
Q

When does translation happen?

A

When you turn RNA into Protein

49
Q

What are the three types of membranes?

A

Mucous, serous, and cutaneous

50
Q

What is a protein molecule that acts as a catalyst?

A

Enzyme

51
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A protein molecule that acts as a catalyst

A&P 1 (1 decks)

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