Chapters 1-4

Question 1

What is interpersonal communication?

Chapter 1

Answer 1

Communication that occurs between two people within the context of their relationship and that, as it evolves, helps them to negotiate and define their relationship.

Question 2

What is self-monitoring?

Chapter 1

Answer 2

Awareness of one’s behavior and how it affects others.

Question 3

What is empathy?

Chapter 1

Answer 3

The ability to think and feel as others do.

Question 4

What is ethics?

Chapter 1

Answer 4

A code of morality or a set of ideas about what is right.

Question 5

What are good qualities of a competent communicator?

Chapter 1

Answer 5

Competent communicators typically have high self-awareness, adaptability, empathy, cognitive complexity, and ethics.

Question 6

What are good qualities of a competent communicator, online?

Chapter 1

Answer 6

Competent online communicators consider the potential for misunderstanding, remember the breadth of their potential audience, and avoid communicating while angry.

Question 7

What influence does culture have on appropriate communication?

Chapter 1

Answer 7

Since many communication rules are culture-specific, what might be perfectly appropriate in one culture could be seen as inappropriate or even offensive in another. Focus on being effective and appropriate, as well as being a competent communicator so you can recognize these differences.

Question 8

What is cognitive complexity?

Chapter 1

Answer 8

The ability to understand a given situation in multiple ways.

Question 9

Why is cognitive complexity a valuable skill to have?

Chapter 1

Answer 9

Cognitive complexity is a valuable skill because it keeps you from jumping to the wrong conclusion and responding inappropriately. It’s the ‘why’ behind someone’s actions, and the ability to interpret and understand them.

Question 10

What is channel-lean context?

Chapter 1

Answer 10

A communication context involving few channels at once.

Question 11

What is channel-rich context?

Chapter 1

Answer 11

A communication context involving many channels at once.

Question 12

What is low-power-distance culture?

Chapter 2

Answer 12

A culture in which power is not highly concentrated in specific groups of people.

Question 13

What is high-power-distance culture?

Chapter 2

Answer 13

A culture in which much or most of the power is concentrated in a few people, such as royalty or a ruling political party.

Question 14

What is jargon?

Chapter 2

Answer 14

language whose technical meaning is understood by people within that co-culture but not necessarily by those outside it.
Jargon is often a special language used in a professional environment.

Question 15

What is co-culture?

Chapter 2

Answer 15

Groups of people who share values, customs, and norms related to mutual interests or characteristics beyond their national citizenship.

Question 16

What is instrumental talk?

Chapter 2

Answer 16

Verbal communication whose purpose is to solve problems and accomplish tasks.

Question 17

What is expressive talk?

Chapter 2

Answer 17

Verbal communication whose purpose is to express emotions and build relationships.

Question 18

Some examples of male expression / emotion / linguistic style are?

Chapter 2

Answer 18

Instrumental, negative, more powerful, angry, masking, shorter speech, jealous, and less touchy.

Question 19

Some examples of female expression / emotion / linguistic style are?

Chapter 2

Answer 19

Expressive, less powerful, sadness, positive, affection, depression, longer speech, and touchy.

Question 20

What are the features of a powerful speech?

Chapter 2

Answer 20

Powerful speech behaviors, such as those used by superiors, include talking more, interrupting more frequently, giving more directions, and expressing more opinions.

Question 21

In what ways does sex influence touch and body movement?

Chapter 2

Answer 21

Adults involved -
- Men are more likely to touch women than women are to touch men, unless the touch is occurring as part of a greeting (such as a handshake).
- Other-sex touch is more common than same-sex touch.
- In same-sex pairs, women touch each other more than men do, but that difference is smaller in close friendships than among acquaintances.
Children involved -
- Women are more likely than men to initiate touch.
- Same-sex touch is more common than other-sex touch.

Question 22

What is self-concept?

Chapter 3

Answer 22

The set of stable ideas a person has about who he or she is; also known as identity.

Question 23

What is your image?

Chapter 3

Answer 23

The way one wishes to be seen or perceived by others.

Question 24

What is the Johari window?

Chapter 3

Answer 24

A visual representation of components of the self that are known or unknown to the self and to others.

Question 25

What is the blind area of the Johari Window?

Chapter 3

Answer 25

Not known to self, but is known by others.

Question 26

What is self-esteem?

Chapter 3

Answer 26

One’s subjective evaluation of one’s value and worth as a person.

Question 27

How does high and low self-esteem affect behavior?

Chapter 3

Answer 27

• Your self-esteem is your subjective evaluation of your value and worth as a person. Having high self-esteem is a benefit in some ways and a liability in others.
• Humans have fundamental needs for control, inclusion, and affection; self-esteem is affected by the extent to which those needs are met.

Question 28

What is reflected appraisal (explanation of process)?

Chapter 3

Answer 28

The process whereby a person’s self-concept is influenced by his or her beliefs concerning what other people think of the person.
Reflected appraisal can move aspects of our personality from the blind section of the Johari Window to the open section.

Question 29

What are some circumstances that might change one’s self-concept?

Chapter 3

Answer 29

• Personality, cultural and gender roles, reflected appraisal, and social comparison all influence the development of self-concept.
• Two pathways through which self-concept can shape communicative behavior are self-monitoring and the self-fulfilling prophecy.
  Self-monitoring - an individual’s awareness of how he or she looks and sounds and of how that person’s behavior is affecting others.
  Self-fulfilling prophecy - An expectation that gives rise to behaviors that cause the expectation to come true.

Question 30

What is self-monitoring?

Chapter 3

Answer 30

an individual’s awareness of how he or she looks and sounds and of how that person’s behavior is affecting others.

Question 31

What is self-fulfilling prophecy?

Chapter 3

Answer 31

An expectation that gives rise to behaviors that cause the expectation to come true.

Question 32

What is fellowship face?

Chapter 3

Answer 32

The need to feel liked and accepted by others.

Question 33

What is autonomy face?

Chapter 3

Answer 33

The need to avoid being imposed upon by others.

Question 34

What is competence face?

Chapter 3

Answer 34

The need to be respected and viewed as competent and intelligent.

Question 35

What is self-disclosure, and its reciprocal nature?

Chapter 3

Answer 35

The act of giving others information about oneself that one believes they do not already have. It’s often that, when in a relationship, there is a balance of give and take when it comes to disclosing something about oneself to that other person. the one giving will expect the other person to reciprocate, and say something of similar nature (that the giver doesn’t already know)

Question 36

What is the social penetration theory?

Chapter 3

Answer 36

A theory that predicts that as relationships develop, communication increases in breadth and depth.

Question 37

What is perception?

Chapter 4

Answer 37

The process of making meaning from the things we experience in the environment.

Question 38

What is attribution?

Chapter 4

Answer 38

An explanation for an observed behavior.

Question 39

What is interpretation?

Chapter 4

Answer 39

The process of assigning meaning to information that has been selected for attention and organized.

Question 40

What is the primacy effect?

Chapter 4

Answer 40

The tendency to emphasize the first impression over later impressions when forming a perception.

Question 41

What is the recency effect?

Chapter 4

Answer 41

The tendency to emphasize the most recent impression over earlier impressions when forming a perception.

Question 42

What is negativity bias?

Chapter 4

Answer 42

The tendency to focus heavily on a person’s negative attributes when forming a perception.

Question 43

What is positivity bias?

Chapter 4

Answer 43

The tendency to focus heavily on a person’s positive attributes when forming a perception.

Question 44

What is self-serving bias?

Chapter 4

Answer 44

The tendency to attribute one’s successes to internal causes and one’s failures to external causes.

Question 45

What are stereotypes?

Chapter 4

Answer 45

Generalizations about groups of people that are applied to individual members of those groups.

Question 46

What is the 3-part process of stereotyping?

Chapter 4

Answer 46

1st: Categorization - First, we identify a group we believe another person belongs to (“you are a redhead”).
2nd: Generalization - Second, we recall some generalization others often make about the people in that group (“redheads have freckles”).
3rd: Application - Finally, we apply that generalization to the person (“therefore, you must have freckles”).

Question 47

What is selective memory bias?

Chapter 4

Answer 47

Remembering information that supports our stereotypes but forgetting information that doesn’t.

Question 48

What are two important reasons for generating alternative perceptions?

Chapter 4

Answer 48

1st: reason is to look at information about the situation that doesn’t match your original perception.
2nd: reason is to ask how much information you don’t know about the situation.

Question 49

What are 3 characteristics that influence selection?

Chapter 4

Answer 49

1st: being unusual or unexpected makes stimuli stand out.
2nd: repetition or how frequently you’re exposed to the stimuli.
3rd: the intensity of the stimuli affects how much you take notice of it.

Question 50

In what ways can perceptual abilities be improved?

Chapter 4

Answer 50

• Being mindful of your perceptions involves focusing on the aspects of yourself, others, and the context that are influencing what you perceive.
• Checking the accuracy of your perceptions involves separating interpretation from fact, generating alternative perceptions, engaging in direct and indirect perception checking, and revisiting your perceptions as necessary.