Chapters 1-4 Flashcards
What is interpersonal communication?
Chapter 1
Communication that occurs between two people within the context of their relationship and that, as it evolves, helps them to negotiate and define their relationship.
What is self-monitoring?
Chapter 1
Awareness of one’s behavior and how it affects others.
What is empathy?
Chapter 1
The ability to think and feel as others do.
What is ethics?
Chapter 1
A code of morality or a set of ideas about what is right.
What are good qualities of a competent communicator?
Chapter 1
Competent communicators typically have high self-awareness, adaptability, empathy, cognitive complexity, and ethics.
What are good qualities of a competent communicator, online?
Chapter 1
Competent online communicators consider the potential for misunderstanding, remember the breadth of their potential audience, and avoid communicating while angry.
What influence does culture have on appropriate communication?
Chapter 1
Since many communication rules are culture-specific, what might be perfectly appropriate in one culture could be seen as inappropriate or even offensive in another. Focus on being effective and appropriate, as well as being a competent communicator so you can recognize these differences.
What is cognitive complexity?
Chapter 1
The ability to understand a given situation in multiple ways.
Why is cognitive complexity a valuable skill to have?
Chapter 1
Cognitive complexity is a valuable skill because it keeps you from jumping to the wrong conclusion and responding inappropriately. It’s the ‘why’ behind someone’s actions, and the ability to interpret and understand them.
What is channel-lean context?
Chapter 1
A communication context involving few channels at once.
What is channel-rich context?
Chapter 1
A communication context involving many channels at once.
What is low-power-distance culture?
Chapter 2
A culture in which power is not highly concentrated in specific groups of people.
What is high-power-distance culture?
Chapter 2
A culture in which much or most of the power is concentrated in a few people, such as royalty or a ruling political party.
What is jargon?
Chapter 2
language whose technical meaning is understood by people within that co-culture but not necessarily by those outside it.
Jargon is often a special language used in a professional environment.
What is co-culture?
Chapter 2
Groups of people who share values, customs, and norms related to mutual interests or characteristics beyond their national citizenship.
What is instrumental talk?
Chapter 2
Verbal communication whose purpose is to solve problems and accomplish tasks.
What is expressive talk?
Chapter 2
Verbal communication whose purpose is to express emotions and build relationships.
Some examples of male expression / emotion / linguistic style are?
Chapter 2
Instrumental, negative, more powerful, angry, masking, shorter speech, jealous, and less touchy.
Some examples of female expression / emotion / linguistic style are?
Chapter 2
Expressive, less powerful, sadness, positive, affection, depression, longer speech, and touchy.
What are the features of a powerful speech?
Chapter 2
Powerful speech behaviors, such as those used by superiors, include talking more, interrupting more frequently, giving more directions, and expressing more opinions.
In what ways does sex influence touch and body movement?
Chapter 2
Adults involved -
- Men are more likely to touch women than women are to touch men, unless the touch is occurring as part of a greeting (such as a handshake).
- Other-sex touch is more common than same-sex touch.
- In same-sex pairs, women touch each other more than men do, but that difference is smaller in close friendships than among acquaintances.
Children involved -
- Women are more likely than men to initiate touch.
- Same-sex touch is more common than other-sex touch.
What is self-concept?
Chapter 3
The set of stable ideas a person has about who he or she is; also known as identity.
What is your image?
Chapter 3
The way one wishes to be seen or perceived by others.
What is the Johari window?
Chapter 3
A visual representation of components of the self that are known or unknown to the self and to others.
What is the blind area of the Johari Window?
Chapter 3
Not known to self, but is known by others.
What is self-esteem?
Chapter 3
One’s subjective evaluation of one’s value and worth as a person.
How does high and low self-esteem affect behavior?
Chapter 3
- Your self-esteem is your subjective evaluation of your value and worth as a person. Having high self-esteem is a benefit in some ways and a liability in others.
- Humans have fundamental needs for control, inclusion, and affection; self-esteem is affected by the extent to which those needs are met.
What is reflected appraisal (explanation of process)?
Chapter 3
The process whereby a person’s self-concept is influenced by his or her beliefs concerning what other people think of the person.
Reflected appraisal can move aspects of our personality from the blind section of the Johari Window to the open section.
What are some circumstances that might change one’s self-concept?
Chapter 3
- Personality, cultural and gender roles, reflected appraisal, and social comparison all influence the development of self-concept.
- Two pathways through which self-concept can shape communicative behavior are self-monitoring and the self-fulfilling prophecy.
Self-monitoring - an individual’s awareness of how he or she looks and sounds and of how that person’s behavior is affecting others.
Self-fulfilling prophecy - An expectation that gives rise to behaviors that cause the expectation to come true.
What is self-monitoring?
Chapter 3
an individual’s awareness of how he or she looks and sounds and of how that person’s behavior is affecting others.
What is self-fulfilling prophecy?
Chapter 3
An expectation that gives rise to behaviors that cause the expectation to come true.
What is fellowship face?
Chapter 3
The need to feel liked and accepted by others.
What is autonomy face?
Chapter 3
The need to avoid being imposed upon by others.
What is competence face?
Chapter 3
The need to be respected and viewed as competent and intelligent.
What is self-disclosure, and its reciprocal nature?
Chapter 3
The act of giving others information about oneself that one believes they do not already have. It’s often that, when in a relationship, there is a balance of give and take when it comes to disclosing something about oneself to that other person. the one giving will expect the other person to reciprocate, and say something of similar nature (that the giver doesn’t already know)
What is the social penetration theory?
Chapter 3
A theory that predicts that as relationships develop, communication increases in breadth and depth.
What is perception?
Chapter 4
The process of making meaning from the things we experience in the environment.
What is attribution?
Chapter 4
An explanation for an observed behavior.
What is interpretation?
Chapter 4
The process of assigning meaning to information that has been selected for attention and organized.
What is the primacy effect?
Chapter 4
The tendency to emphasize the first impression over later impressions when forming a perception.
What is the recency effect?
Chapter 4
The tendency to emphasize the most recent impression over earlier impressions when forming a perception.
What is negativity bias?
Chapter 4
The tendency to focus heavily on a person’s negative attributes when forming a perception.
What is positivity bias?
Chapter 4
The tendency to focus heavily on a person’s positive attributes when forming a perception.
What is self-serving bias?
Chapter 4
The tendency to attribute one’s successes to internal causes and one’s failures to external causes.
What are stereotypes?
Chapter 4
Generalizations about groups of people that are applied to individual members of those groups.
What is the 3-part process of stereotyping?
Chapter 4
1st: Categorization - First, we identify a group we believe another person belongs to (“you are a redhead”).
2nd: Generalization - Second, we recall some generalization others often make about the people in that group (“redheads have freckles”).
3rd: Application - Finally, we apply that generalization to the person (“therefore, you must have freckles”).
What is selective memory bias?
Chapter 4
Remembering information that supports our stereotypes but forgetting information that doesn’t.
What are two important reasons for generating alternative perceptions?
Chapter 4
1st: reason is to look at information about the situation that doesn’t match your original perception.
2nd: reason is to ask how much information you don’t know about the situation.
What are 3 characteristics that influence selection?
Chapter 4
1st: being unusual or unexpected makes stimuli stand out.
2nd: repetition or how frequently you’re exposed to the stimuli.
3rd: the intensity of the stimuli affects how much you take notice of it.
In what ways can perceptual abilities be improved?
Chapter 4
- Being mindful of your perceptions involves focusing on the aspects of yourself, others, and the context that are influencing what you perceive.
- Checking the accuracy of your perceptions involves separating interpretation from fact, generating alternative perceptions, engaging in direct and indirect perception checking, and revisiting your perceptions as necessary.
