Chapters 1 - 4 Flashcards
What is the scientific method?
The scientific method is a systematic approach used by scientists to investigate natural phenomena and acquire knowledge about the world.
Given an observation of a natural phenomenon, name and describe the steps in the scientific method and indicate how it might be applied to this observation.
Scientific method steps: make an observation, create a hypothesis and conduct an experiment. Ex. I think water boils at 109F (observation). Water boils at 109F (hypothesis). I boiled water with a thermometer, it boils at 100 degrees (experiment).
List the scientific method steps.
Observation, hypothesis, expierment
Difference between quantitative and qualitative.
qualitative does no involve a number, quantitative involes and number/ and or a measurement
Law vs. Theory
A law is tells us what happens and a theory is an attempt to explain why it happens
If a theory is disproven does all the observation get disproven. Explain
No because theories can be refined and changed by preforming experiments and making new observations not by proving them false
Theory
A tested set of hypotheses that interprets an explanation for something
Law
A summary of observed (measurable) behaviour
Chemisty
The study of the natural world around us.
Define Isotope
An atom that has the same number of protons but different number of electrons
5 postulates of Dalton’s Atomic Theory
- Elements are tiny particles called atoms
- All atoms of a given element are identical
- All atoms of a given element are different from those of any other element
- Atoms of one element can combine with atoms of other elements to form compounds
- Atoms are indivisible. They cannot be destroyed or created in chemical reactions
Alkali metals characteristic
Reactive, soft metals
Alkaline earth metals characteristic
Hard metals
Transition metals characteristic
They have variable properties
Halogens characterisitc
coloured & reactive
Noble gases characteristic
unreactive gases
Mass number
The sum of protons and neutrons
Atomic number
The # of protons
Most elements exist at _____ temperature
room temperature
What physical properties do metals have
Ductility, Malleability, shiny appearance
All noble gases are gases at ____ temperature
room temperature
What is a mixture?
Compounds that have atoms that bound together with atoms of different elements
Name the 3 fundamental particles.
Proton(+), has 1 one charge, found in the nucleus, electron(-) has -1 charge, found in nucleus, neutron, neutral found orbiting nucleus
if carbon has an atomic number of 6 and a mass of 12 how many neutrons does it have?
- (atomic number - mass number)
List the seven elements that exist as diatomic molecules.
H, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I
Indicate the charge on the ions and the ions name formed from elements in group 1A (Alkali metals)
Cation (Positive ion), charge: +1
Indicate the charge on the ions and the ions name formed from elements in group 2A (Alkaline Earth Metals)
Cation (positive ion)
Charge: +2
Indicate the charge on the ions and the ions name formed from elements in group 3A (Metals Only - including Boron)
Cation (positive ion)
Charge: +3
Indicate the charge on the ions and the ions name formed from elements in group 5A (Non-Metals Only - Nitrogen Family)
Ion Name: Anion (negative ion)
Charge: -3
Indicate the charge on the ions and the ions name formed from elements in group 6A (Non-Metals Only - Oxygen Family)
Anion (negative ion)
Charge: -2
Indicate the charge on the ions and the ions name formed from elements in group 7A (Non-Metals Only - Halogens)
Anion (negative ion)
Charge: -1
Define Cation
positive ion
Define Ion
a charged entity
List the two types of ions
Cation and Anions
Define anion
negative ion
Why does a measurement have some uncertainty
Because measurements are an estimate
Name 2 types of matter
Pure substances and mixtures
Name 2 types of mixtures
Homogeneous and heterogeneous
A physical change is a
non permanent change
A chemical change is a
Permanent change
