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Behavior Modification > Chapters 1-4 > Flashcards

Chapters 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

What can behavior modification be used for

A

affecting behavior deemed problematic

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2
Q

what is the focus on regarding behavior modification

A

Behavior modification approach focuses on the development of adaptive, prosocial behavior and the reduction of maladaptive behavior in everyday life.

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3
Q

what are the central characteristics of behavior modification

A
  • Emphasis on behavior
  • Emphasis on Current determinants of behavior
  • Emphasis on learning
  • Assessment and Evaluation
  • Application
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4
Q

treatment evaluation has what characteristic

A

figuring out why performance has changed

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5
Q

what is the behavior therapist’s role in treatment

A

designing the program

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6
Q

what is pavlov known for

A

Pavlov is known for the creation of classical conditioning; Pavlov’s dogs.

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7
Q

what is the empirical law of effect?

A

consequences that help that follow behavior help learning

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8
Q

what is watson known for

A

crystalizing behaviorism

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9
Q

how has behavior mod impacted other fields of psychology

A

made psychological research more objective and scientific

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10
Q

what was the scientific procedure in the little albert case

A

presence of white rat was immediately followed by a noise

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11
Q

what is observational learning?

A

observational learning occurs when a person sees someone else perform a behavior

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12
Q

what is applied behavior analysis

A

extending the principles of operant conditions to everyday life and behaviors

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13
Q

what is applied behavior analysis used for

A

Affecting change in individuals or settings

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14
Q

what are prompts

A

antecedents that directly facilitate and guide perfromance

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15
Q

what are secondary reinforcers

A

reinforcers that acquire their value through learning (money,grades,praise)

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16
Q

how are positive and negative reinforcement alike

A

they both seek to increase a behavior

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17
Q

what is punishment

A

presentation/removal of a stimulus or event following a response that decreases the lieklyhodd of that response

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18
Q

what is extinction

A

stopping reinforceing a response that leads to the a decrease of the likelhood of the behavior in the future

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19
Q

what are prompts used for

A

to generate a specific response

20
Q

what is fading

A

gradual removal of a prompt

21
Q

what is response covariation

A

tendency of responses to change together

22
Q

what are the steps in developing a behavioral program

A

1) determine the function of the behavior
2) determine an appropriate replacement behavior
3) determine when the replacement behavior should occur
4) design a teaching sequence
5) manipulate the environment to increase the probability of success
6) manipulate the environment to decrease the probability of failure
7) determine how positive behavior will be reinforced
8) determine consequences for occurrences of the problem behavior
9) develop a data collection system
10) develop behavioral goals and objectives

23
Q

what is the “target behavior”

A

the behavior that is meant to be changed

24
Q

what are the components in an operational definition

A

objectivity, clarity, and completeness

25
Q

how do frequency measures work

A

tallying the number of times the behavior occurs in a given time period

26
Q

when should frequency measures be used

A

situations the behavior is free to occur on multiple occasions and when opportunities are restricted

27
Q

how does discrete categorization work

A

behavior is given two categories correct-incorrect, perfromed-not performed

28
Q

how does interval scoring work

A

time the client is observed is divided into intervals and the behavior is marked doen as either occuring or not occuring during the interval

29
Q

how does duration measurement work

A

measures amount of time response is performed

30
Q

what is latency

A

measures how long the client takes to begin the response

31
Q

how is latency used

A

to determine how long it takes for a behavior to occur in a specific setting

32
Q

what are biological measures of behavior

A

methods that measure the psychical changes

33
Q

when would self report be used

A

when verbal behavior is the target

34
Q

what are reports by others

A

measures completed by those who can interact closely with the client

35
Q

what is reliability in behavioral observation

A

extent to which observers agree in their scoring of behavior

36
Q

what is obtrusive observation

A

obsevation that clients are aware of

37
Q

what is unobtrusive observation

A

observation that clients are not aware of

38
Q

how does reactivity affect observations

A

it can influence how the client perfroms and influence the data

39
Q

how is reactivity minimized

A

by use of unobtrusive measurement

40
Q

when would a “contrived” situation be used

A

in situations where the behaivor of intrest is of low frequency

41
Q

what is the purpose of a probe

A

to check to see if there are other changes than those that served as the intervention focus

42
Q

why is “relevance” important in behavior mod

A

it makes sure the measure reflect the area of interest and it is important because it makes sure the change is important to the client

43
Q

why are observers retrained

A

to ensure that definitions for scoring behavior are applied consistently.

44
Q

how would you know if an observation was obtrusive or not

A

if the client is aware of it

45
Q

what is acceptable agreement before treatment begins

A

the level of agreement among observers being at a rate deemed acceptable depending on the experiment.

46
Q

how is interobserver agreement calculated

A

frequency ratio and point by point agreement ratio

Behavior Modification (1 decks)

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