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Sociology 111 > Chapters 1-4 > Flashcards

Chapters 1-4 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A systematic study of human society. The systematic study of human social interaction.

A

Sociology

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2
Q

A large group of human beings who share the same geographic territory and is subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.

A

Society

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3
Q

Reveals the opportunities and constraints in our lives

A

Sociological imagination

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4
Q

Coined the term sociological imagination

A

C. Wright Mills

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5
Q

Direct cause and effect

A

Causation

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6
Q

Relationship between two

A

Correlation

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7
Q

First modern sociological, coined the term sociology.

A

Auguste Comte

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8
Q

Wrote the first book on sociology.
Felt that sociologist should be acting on their convictions and not be mere observers

A

Harriet Martineau

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9
Q

Coined term “survival of the fittest”
social Darwinism
Rich deserve to be rich, poor deserve to be poor

A

Herbert Spencer

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10
Q

Who created the idea that societies are built on social facts or patters that exist outside of the individual

(Critic of Spencer)

A

Emile Durkheim

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11
Q

Who was the father of conflict perspective?

A

Karl Marx

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12
Q

A framework for building theory that sees society as a stable, elderly system in which each part of the whole contributes to its survival

A

Functionalist

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13
Q

A framework for building theory they sees society as a continuous power struggle among competing groups, with different interest that are often based on class, race, ethnicity or gender

A

Conflict

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14
Q

The practice of judging another culture by other standards of one’s own culture

A

Ethnocentrism

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15
Q

The practice of judging a culture by its own standards

A

Cultural relativism

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16
Q

Culture is transmitted from one group in society to another

A

Cultural diffusion

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17
Q

A period of maladjustment when non material culture struggles to adapt to new material conditions

A

Cultural lag

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18
Q

A divide in terms of technology in social groups

A

Digital divide

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19
Q

A set of assumptions that assumes human beings are dynamic entities changing everyday symbols that help us give meaning to the experiences in our lives

A

The symbolic interaction approach

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20
Q

Educated guess

A

Hypothesis

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21
Q

Evidence based explanation for observations

A

Theory

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22
Q

Create theories from observations

A

Induction

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23
Q

Test theories

A

Deductions

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24
Q

A series of questions to which people respond

A

Survey

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25
Q

Cultural patter and that distinguish a society’s elite

A

High culture

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26
Q

Designated cultural patterns that are widespread among a society’s population

A

Popular culture

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27
Q

Cultural patterns that distinguish some segment of a society’s population

A

Subcultures

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28
Q

Survey that is printed out and always anonymous

A

Questionnaire

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29
Q

Survey that researcher contrasts face to face questions

A

Interview

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30
Q

Information from data that already exists in an environment used to do research

A

Existing data (secondary)

31
Q

Studying human beings in their natural setting

A

Field research

32
Q

Joining in on group activities on the group bring studies

A

Participant observation

33
Q

A detailed study of the life and activities of a group of people over a period of years

A

Ethnography

34
Q

Unintentional influence that researchers have on their study

A

Hawthorne effect

35
Q

Words, themes, commonalities, words

A

Qualitative research

36
Q

Relationship between two variables

A

Correlation

37
Q

The extend to which a study produces consistent results

A

Reliability

38
Q

The degree to which a study truly reflects the phenomenon under study

A

Validity

39
Q

Everything human beings make.
Knowledge, language, values, customs and material objects that are passed from person to worsen and from one generation to the next.

A

Culture

40
Q

The feeling of disorientation when we experience cultural tradition different from our own

A

Culture shock

41
Q

Cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society. They may reject many of the standards of a dominant culture

A

Counterculture

42
Q

Cultural patterns that distinguish some segments of a society’s population. They involve not only difference but hierarchy

A

Subculture

43
Q

Knowledge that people apply to the task of living in their surroundings

A

Technology

44
Q

The physical or tangible creations that members of a society make, use and share

A

Material culture

45
Q

The abstract or intangible human creations of a society that influence peoples behavior

A

Non-material culture

46
Q

4 components on non material culture

A

Symbols, language, values and norms

47
Q

Anything that meaningfully represents something else

A

Symbols

48
Q

A set of symbols that enables us to think and communicate

A

Language

49
Q

Culturally defined standards by which level judge desirability, goodness and beauty which serve as broad guidelines for social living

A

Values

50
Q

Behavioral expectations or established rules of behaviors or standards of conduct

A

Norms

51
Q

Language shapes the view of reality of its speakers (rather than language reflecting the pre-existing reality)

A

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

52
Q

Collective ideas about what is right or wrong, good or bad, and desirable or undesirable

A

Cultural Values

53
Q

Conduct violating norms

A

Deviance

54
Q

Penalties and rewards for conduct concerning social norm

A

Sanctions

55
Q

Governments form of social control

A

Law

56
Q

The lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self identity and the physical, mental and social skills needed for survival in society

A

Socialization

57
Q

An entity that is primarily responsible for the socialization process

ex: family, religion, culture, school, peer group

A

Agent of Socialization

58
Q

The aspect of socialization that contains specific messages and practices concerning the nature of being female or male in a group of society

A

Gender Socialization

59
Q

A process by which knowledge and skills are learned for future roles

A

Anticipatory Socialization

60
Q

any decision that you hold in society

A

status

61
Q

behavioral expectations for your status

A

role

62
Q

Learning a new set of attitudes, behaviors and values of ones past

A

Resocalization

63
Q

A place where people are isolated from the rest of society for a set period of time and come under the control of the officials who run the institution

A

Total Institution

64
Q

Father of psychoanalysis

A

Sigmund Freud

65
Q

Basic biological drives; basic needs and wants

A

Id

66
Q

Kohlbergs Stages of reasoning:

A

Preconventional, Conventional, Postconventional

67
Q

According to Carol Gilligan, research is flawed because they only use _____ subjects.

A

Male

68
Q

Piget came up with 4 stages. The first stage is:

A

Preoperative Stage

69
Q

Sociology that focuses on large groups

A

Macrosociology

70
Q

Who developed the Looking Glass Self theory?

A

Cooley

71
Q

We see ourselves how other people precieve us

A

Looking Glass Self

72
Q

Considered to be the father of Symbolic Interactionalism

A

Mead

73
Q

Separated “I” and “me”

A

Mead

Sociology 111 (2 decks)

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