chapters 1-4

Question 1

right to freedoms of religion and speech; right to assemble and to petition the government for redress of grievances

Answer 1

first amendment

Question 2

right to keep and bear arms to maintain a well regulated militia

Answer 2

second amendment

Question 3

right not to house soldiers during time of war

Answer 3

third amendment

Question 4

right to be secure from unreasonable search and seizure

Answer 4

fourth amendment

Question 5

rights in criminal cases, including due process and indictment by grand jury for capital crimes, as well as the right not to testify against oneself

Answer 5

fifth amendment

Question 6

right to a speedy trial by an impartial jury

Answer 6

sixth amendment

Question 7

right to a jury trial in civil cases

Answer 7

seventh amendment

Question 8

right not to face excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel and unusual punishment

Answer 8

eighth amendment

Question 9

rights retained by the people, even if thry are not specifically enumerated by the Constitution

Answer 9

ninth amendment

Question 10

States’ right to powers not specifically delegated to the federal government

Answer 10

tenth amendment

Question 11

federal powers

Answer 11

declare war, impose taxes, regulate coin and currency, regulate foreign and interstate commerce, raise and maintain an army/ navy, regulate post office, make treaties w/ foreign nations, establish copyright and patents, establish courts inferior to Supreme Court

Question 12

State Powers

Answer 12

(reserved powers); free to pass laws regarding things such as intrastate commerce (w/in borders of a state) and marraige, conducts elections, provide for public health, safety, welfare, and morals, esrablish local gov., maintain militia, ratify amendments to Constitution

Question 13

Federal Powers denied

Answer 13

tax state exports, change state boundaries, violate the bill of rights

Question 14

state powers denied

Answer 14

tax imports and exports, enter into treaties, impair obligation of contracts abridge the privilige and immunities of citizens or deny due process and equal protection of the law

Question 15

Marbury vs. Madison

Answer 15

William Marbury, one of the offended justices, sued government saying the Judiciary Act of 1789 allowed to court to force Secretary of State James Madison to deliver the commissions. Court disagreed and said they didnt have the power to force the secretary to deliver them. Established judiciary review where Supeme Court has the power to declare laws passed by Congress and signed by the president to be unconstitutional

Question 16

Brown vs. Board of Education

Answer 16

challenge to principle “seperate but equal”; students where denied admittance to certain public schools based exclusively on race. decision made stated existence of racially segregated schools violated yhr equal protection clause of the 14th amendment. ruling overturned Plessy vs. Ferguson and removed legal support of segregated schools.

Question 17

the states had the right to reject national laws they deemed unconstitutional

Answer 17

nullification

Question 18

the states and federal government exercise exclusive authority in distinctly delineated spheres of jurisdiction

Answer 18

dual federalism

Question 19

both levels of government coordinated thier actions to solve national problems

Answer 19

cooperative federalism

Question 20

criminalizes an act retroactively

Answer 20

Ex Post Facto Law

Question 21

a legislative action declaring someone guilty w/o trial

Answer 21

Bill of Attainder

Question 22

empowers federal government to regulate interstate economic transactions

Answer 22

Commerce Clause

Question 23

National governemnt-> States government

Answer 23

unitary

Question 24

people -> States and National

Answer 24

Federation

Question 25

States-> National gov.

Answer 25

Confederation

Question 26

necessary/proper cause -> enables congress “to make all Laws which shall be necessary & proper for carrying” out its constitutional responsibilities

Answer 26

Elastic Clause

Question 27

when we cross state lines and encounter different taxation levels, welafre eligibility requirements, and voting regulations

Answer 27

decentralization

Question 28

federal government is the only entity permitted to print money, to challenge the legality of state laws, or to employ money grants and mandates to shape state actions

Answer 28

centralization

Question 29

no enforcement of gov. / no power (no armies); no money, individual states have more power w/no central; 1 country, 2 systems-> Federal, Local

Answer 29

Second biggest Confederation- European Union

Question 30

Congress makes laws

Answer 30

legislative

Question 31

every state has their own consitituion; own Supreme Court and Judiciary

Answer 31

Judicial

Question 32

led by the president; States govern; divided into 2 houses; Senate and House of Representatives

Answer 32

executive

Question 33

435 members; depending on population

Answer 33

House of Representatives

Question 34

100; 2 from each state to balance difference in population

Answer 34

Senate

Question 35

John Lock

Answer 35

a seventeenth-century English philosopher, who is ideas and writing regarding the relationship between government and natural rights of citizens become the base for the civil rights ideas when writing the Constitution.

Question 36

Sugar Act

Answer 36

1764; imposed a tax on sugar and molasses which colonists refused to pay

Question 37

Stamp Act

Answer 37

1765- taxed all official documents and | playing cards; colonists rebelled against it.

Question 38

Stamp and Congress Position

Answer 38

called to met in 1765 and called the acts "taxation without representation”

Question 39

Boston Tea Party

Answer 39

colonists dressed at Mohawk Indians dumped 350 chests of British tea into Boston Harbor in protest against increased taxes

Question 40

Coercive Acts

Answer 40

passed in 1774 in response; closed Boston Harbor and placed government of Massachusetts under direct British control