Chapters 1-3 Non-Cuneiform

Question 1

ani

Answer 1

his; her (3cs possessive suffix for animate objects [humans; not things or animals]); after a vowel it may appear as a-ni or ni.

Question 2

Urim5

Answer 2

Ur

Question 3

bad3

Answer 3

city wall, rampart, fortification

Question 4

lugal

Answer 4

king

Question 5

ur

Answer 5

dog; man, warrior

Question 6

du3

Answer 6

to build

Question 7

r

Answer 7

case marker for the dative; ra following a consonant, r following a vowel.

Question 8

ak

Answer 8

genitive marker; marks the possessor in the genitive relationship (typically the final term); k when following a vowel. When in word final position, k will not show up because it is an amissable letter.

Question 9

e

Answer 9

marker of Ergative case (marks the agent)

Question 10

⊘

Answer 10

unmarked; as such might “mark” such things as the absolutive case (marks the patient), the 3CS animate patient

Question 11

MP

Answer 11

Modal Prefix; first prefix which can appear in a verbal chain; may go unmarked as in indicative

Question 12

CP

Answer 12

Conjugation Prefix: Hayes suggests these prefixes might indicate emotional or mental involvement, and are thus difficult to translate. Recent studies by Woods has shown that i3 indicates background info.

Question 13

mu

Answer 13

a type of Conjugation Prefix; denotes closeness of speaker, perhaps spatially and emotionally???

Question 14

DP

Answer 14

Dimensional Prefix; cross-reference or resume the case relationships appearing in the various nominal phrases in the sentence (except agent and patient) (e.g., na cross-references r); there may be multiple DP’s (four is the highest attested).

Question 15

na

Answer 15

Dimensional Prefix, may cross-reference r.

Question 16

PA

Answer 16

Personal Affix; may occur before and after verbal root. Cross-reference agent and patient??? (e.g., n cross-references e)

Question 17

n

Answer 17

3CS Animate Personal Affix, may cross reference e.

Question 18

MP (optional) + CP (obligatory) + DP’s (mostly obligatory) + PA (obligatory) + verbal root + PA (obligatory)

Answer 18

Verbal phrase. In the perfect aspect, PA preceding verb cross-references the agent while the PA following verb cross-references the patient.

Question 19

ḫamṭu

Answer 19

Akkadian scribal name for the perfect aspect; may correspond to Sumerian ul4.

Question 20

marû

Answer 20

Akkadian scribal name for the imperfect aspect; may correspond to Sumerian niga.

Question 21

a

Answer 21

nominalizer; marks such things as adjectives from verbal roots, nominalization of verbal phrases, marking of certain subordinate clauses…

Question 22

nam

Answer 22

syllable; prefixed to verbal or nominal roots, it produces ‘abstract nouns’ (e.g., nam-lugal = kingship)

Question 23

še3

Answer 23

terminative case marker; ‘for the sake of’, ‘on behalf of’