chapters 1-3 Flashcards
what is on the nutrition facts label?
fats, proteins, carbs, some vitamins, % DV and ingredient list
what organs make up the GI tract?
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine
what occurs in the mouth during digestion?
teeth masticate (chew) and make food bolus
where do peristalsis and segmentation occur?
esophagus
what food groups are on MyPlate?
fruits, vegetables, grains, protein, dairy
how much of your plate should be fruits/veg?
half
what is the general rule for grains?
make half your grains whole
what is the role of the USDA?
developing farming and agriculture regulations
what is the role of the FDA?
promoting and protecting public health
what are the main macronutrients?
protein, carbs, fat
what are the main micronutrients?
vitamins and minerals
what are water soluble vitamins?
all the B vitamins (B12, etc)
what are fat soluble vitamins?
vitamins A, D, E and K
what is the AMDR?
acceptable macronutrient distribution range
what is the AMDR of protein?
45-65% of calories
what is the AMDR of fat?
20-35% of calories
what is the AMDR of carbs?
10-35% of calories
what does the EAR mean?
it meets needs of 50% of the population
what does the RDA mean?
ensures adequate intake of nutrient for 98% of population
what does the AI mean?
used to address nutrient adequacy
what does the UL mean?
highest level of intake without adverse effects
what are 2 healthy diet features?
eat nutrient dense foods and avoid overeating
what are examples of nutrient dense foods?
fruits, vegetables, lean meat
what is peristalsis?
wavelike contractions that move the content of GI tract forward
what is segmentation?
contraction and squeezing of muscles of intestines for absorption
what is an essential nutrient?
cannot be made or insufficient amounts to meet the body’s needs
what is a food desert?
a neighborhood or community with little access to a variety of affordable, healthy foods
what is the scientific method?
a specific series of steps that involves a hypothesis, measurements and data gathering, and interpretation of results
what is a peer review?
a peer reviewed publication is looked over by colleagues in the field with repeated consistent evidence.
what is absorption?
A process that takes place in the small intestine
what is digestion?
Extracts macronutrients, micronutrients, and phytochemicals from food
what is an enzyme?
Proteins that catalyze a chemical reaction
