Chapters 1&3 Flashcards
Who worked in hospitals during the reign of King Henry VIII?
Criminals, widows, and orphans
What were hospitals called besides poorhouses?
Pesthouses
What were the rules of employment in 1789 for England hospitals?
- no dirt, rags, or bones can be thrown out window
- change linen every 2 weeks
- Change shirt every 4 days
Change undergarments and socks every week
When was the Crimean war?
1854
Why did Florence Nightingale become a nurse?
She thought she was called by GOD to be a nurse.
How did Nightingale and her volunteers help during the Crimean war?
Her group improved sanitary conditions and decreased the death rate to 1%
What were Dorothea Dix’s criteria to be a volunteer in the American Civil War?
- 35-50 years old
- matronly and plain looking
- educated
- neat, orderly, sober, and with a serious disposition.
What is ANA’s definition for nursing?
Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems.
Who created the Environmental theory and what is it?
Florence Nightingale: nurses modify environment to put patient in best condition for nature to act. Improve sanitation!
Who created the Basic Needs Theory and what is it?
Virginia Henderson: nurses assist performing activities patient would perform themselves if he/she had the strength. (ADL’s)
Who created the Self Care Theory and what is it?
Dorothea Orem: nurses assist with self care to improve or maintain health.
Who created the Adaptation Theory and what is it?
Sister Callista Roy: nurses assess biologic, psychologic, and social factors that interfere with health, alter those factors/ stimuli thought to cause maladaptation, and evaluate effectiveness of that action.
How did the profession of practical nursing come about?
During WWII the practice of practical nursing began due to RN’s enlisting in the military.
What are the roles of a Practical Nurse?
- admissions, transfers, and discharges
- ADL’s
- I/O, weights
- collecting specimens
- procedures: catheters, and dressing changes
- administer meds
- patient education
- safety
- practice under the supervision of a RN, physician, or dentist
What are the characteristics of a “good” nurse?
- clean and neatly groomed
- hair away from face
- no nail polish, no fake nails
- no jewelry
- no excessive makeup
- Be healthy
- have a positive attitude
Assessment
collecting data, interviewing, observing, and examining(the family, patient, med records, or other healthcare workers)
Caring
restoring or maintaining health, ADL’s, providing for physical needs
Counseling
communication skills; active listening- hearing spoken and unspoken message.
Empathy
perceive patients emotions and needs “compassionately detached”
Sympathy
experiencing patients needs and emotions
Comforting
provide stability and security during a crisis
Managed Care
cost containment
