Chapters 1&3 Flashcards
Who worked in hospitals during the reign of King Henry VIII?
Criminals, widows, and orphans
What were hospitals called besides poorhouses?
Pesthouses
What were the rules of employment in 1789 for England hospitals?
- no dirt, rags, or bones can be thrown out window
- change linen every 2 weeks
- Change shirt every 4 days
Change undergarments and socks every week
When was the Crimean war?
1854
Why did Florence Nightingale become a nurse?
She thought she was called by GOD to be a nurse.
How did Nightingale and her volunteers help during the Crimean war?
Her group improved sanitary conditions and decreased the death rate to 1%
What were Dorothea Dix’s criteria to be a volunteer in the American Civil War?
- 35-50 years old
- matronly and plain looking
- educated
- neat, orderly, sober, and with a serious disposition.
What is ANA’s definition for nursing?
Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems.
Who created the Environmental theory and what is it?
Florence Nightingale: nurses modify environment to put patient in best condition for nature to act. Improve sanitation!
Who created the Basic Needs Theory and what is it?
Virginia Henderson: nurses assist performing activities patient would perform themselves if he/she had the strength. (ADL’s)
Who created the Self Care Theory and what is it?
Dorothea Orem: nurses assist with self care to improve or maintain health.
Who created the Adaptation Theory and what is it?
Sister Callista Roy: nurses assess biologic, psychologic, and social factors that interfere with health, alter those factors/ stimuli thought to cause maladaptation, and evaluate effectiveness of that action.
How did the profession of practical nursing come about?
During WWII the practice of practical nursing began due to RN’s enlisting in the military.
What are the roles of a Practical Nurse?
- admissions, transfers, and discharges
- ADL’s
- I/O, weights
- collecting specimens
- procedures: catheters, and dressing changes
- administer meds
- patient education
- safety
- practice under the supervision of a RN, physician, or dentist
What are the characteristics of a “good” nurse?
- clean and neatly groomed
- hair away from face
- no nail polish, no fake nails
- no jewelry
- no excessive makeup
- Be healthy
- have a positive attitude
Assessment
collecting data, interviewing, observing, and examining(the family, patient, med records, or other healthcare workers)
Caring
restoring or maintaining health, ADL’s, providing for physical needs
Counseling
communication skills; active listening- hearing spoken and unspoken message.
Empathy
perceive patients emotions and needs “compassionately detached”
Sympathy
experiencing patients needs and emotions
Comforting
provide stability and security during a crisis
Managed Care
cost containment
Clincial Pathways
standardized plan of care.
Constitutional Law
rights obtained by every US citizen.
Statutory Law
laws enacted by federal, state, or local legislatures.
What is the Nurse Practice Act (NPA)
defines the nurse’s role and establishes limits, identifies titles and differentiates it from other healthcare providers. Each state has its own.
Administrative Law
Federal, state, local government maintains self regulation
Common Law
decisions on prior cases of similar nature used when no specific constitutional, statutory, or administrative law applies
Criminal Law
protect safety of public
Misdemeanor
minor offense
Felony
serious offense
Civil Law
protects personal freedoms and individuals rights
Plaintiff
claims injury
Defendant
person charged
Assault
threat or attempt to do bodily harm, threatening to use restraints unnecessarily
Battery
unauthorized physical contact, even if no harm occurs
False Imprisonment
interference for individuals to move about freely.
Invasion of Privacy
failure to leave people and their property alone.
Defamation
untrue info that harms a persons reputation
Slander
oral
Libel
written
Negligence
harm results because individual did not act reasonably, implies that a person acted carelessly.
Malpractice
professional negligence, holds professional to a higher standard of accountability.
Professional Liability
responsible for providing safe, appropriate care
Liability Insurance
contract for legal and financial assistance if involved in malpractice lawsuits.
Incident Reports
written account of any unusual event. used to prevent future events and serve as documentation if lawsuit is brought.
Anecdotal Records
personal, handwritten account kept by the nurse
Statute of limitations
time frame within which a person can file a lawsuit
Good Samaritan Law
legal immunity for those who provide first aid in an emergency situation
Ethical theories
Teleology: ethical theory based on final outcomes. what is best for the majority?
Deontology: decision based on the morality of the act itself. certain actions are always right or wrong regardless of the circumstances.
Truth telling
all patients have the right to complete and accurate info
Confidentiality
protecting patients personal health info from disclosure
AMA
Against medical Advice
Advanced Directives
living will, DNR, durable power of attorney
Allocation of resources
determines how to distribute multiple limited amount fo saving treatment/meds between multiple individuals
Whistle Blowing
reporting unethical or incompetent acts
Required reporting
criminal behavior, abuse, suspected chemical abuse by coworkers, sexual harassment
