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B2 Chapters 1-3 > Chapters 1-3 > Flashcards

Chapters 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

Name three features of a plant cell NOT found within an animal cell

A

Chloroplast, Vacoule, Cell Wall

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2
Q

State the function of a mitochondrion

A

Release energy during respiration

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3
Q

State the function of a ribosome

A

Protein synthesis (making proteins)

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4
Q

Describe the structure of DNA inside of a bacterial cell

A

Usually circular and not in a nucleus (free in the cytoplasm)

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5
Q

What is a plasmid?

A

Small circular bits of DNA

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6
Q

Which of these is biggest, a yeast cell or bacterium?

A

Yeast

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7
Q

Give one way in which an animal cell is different to a yeast cell

A

Animal cell does not have a cell wall

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8
Q

Do yeast respire aerobically or anaerobically?

A

Both - Usually aerobically (whenever Oxygen is available)

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9
Q

What word describes cells that are adapted to carry out a specific job?

A

Specialised

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10
Q

How is a root hair cell adapted?

A

Large surface area AND large vacoule. Both help speed up process of osmosis to get water into plant.

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11
Q

Describe diffusion

A

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

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12
Q

Give two examples of diffusion in living organisms

A

Gaseous transfer in the lungs. Nutrient (amino acid) diffusion through cells in the gut

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13
Q

What name to we give to a group of cells with a similar structure and function?

A

Tissue

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14
Q

A group of tissues all working together form what?

A

An organ

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15
Q

State the equation for photosyntheis

A

(In the presence of light energy and Chlorophyll) Carbon Dixode + Water –> Glucose + Oxygen

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16
Q

What three factors may limit the rate of photosynthesis?

A

Low light, Low temperatures and/or a shortage of Carbon Dioxide

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17
Q

Describe the ways in which plants may use glucose produced during photosyntheis

A

For respiration, convert it into starch, produce fats, produce proteins

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18
Q

Name the technique used in growing plants using a balance of soluble mineral ions instead of soil

A

Hydroponics

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19
Q

Name as many physical factors as you can that will affect the distribution of organisms

A

Temperature, Nutrients, Light, Water, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide

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20
Q

What would you use to measure the distribution of a population between two points?

A

A transect

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21
Q

When counting populations why is it important to use random sampling?

A

To give a representative and unbiased sample

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22
Q

How can you increase the validity and reproducibility of a scientific investigation?

A

Use a large sample size AND repeat you test many times.

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23
Q

Describe the role of a catalyst

A

Speeds up a chemical reaction

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24
Q

What part of an enzyme is unique to one substrate and is crucial to it’s function?

A

The active site

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25
What will happen if an enzyme becomes too hot? What does this mean?
It will become denatured. Shape changes, no longer allows substrate to fit.
26
Why can certain enzymes only work in specific parts of our digestive system?
pH affects enzyme activity. Some enzymes will not catalyze reactions at a high or low pH
27
Name the two enzymes involved in the digestion of carbohydrates
Amylase (Starch to Maltose) THEN Maltase (Maltose to Glucose)
28
Name the three parts of your digestive system that produce proteases
Stomach, pancreas and small intestine
29
Name the two products of fat digestion
Fatty acids and Glycerol
30
Describe the role of bile in the digestion of fats
Emulsifies the fat (Breaks up big fat drops into small droplets) to increase the surface area so that more lipase enzyme can act upon the fats
31
What conditions do enzymes made in the pancreas and small intestines work in?
Alkaline
32
Enzymes in industry allow processes to work at higher or lower temperatures?
Lower - Good for energy saving.
33
Biological detergents often contain what types of enzyme?
Proteases and lipases
34
What enzyme is used to turn gloucose syrup into fructose syrup?
Isomerase
35
# C Name three features of a plant cell NOT found within an animal cell
Chloroplast, Vacoule, Cell Wall
36
# C State the function of a mitochondrion
Release energy during respiration
37
# C State the function of a ribosome
Protein synthesis (making proteins)
38
# C Describe the structure of DNA inside of a bacterial cell
Usually circular and not in a nucleus (free in the cytoplasm)
39
# C What is a plasmid?
Small circular bits of DNA
40
# C Which of these is biggest, a yeast cell or bacterium?
Yeast
41
# C Give one way in which an animal cell is different to a yeast cell
Animal cell does not have a cell wall
42
# C Do yeast respire aerobically or anaerobically?
Both - Usually aerobically (whenever Oxygen is available)
43
# C What word describes cells that are adapted to carry out a specific job?
Specialised
44
# C How is a root hair cell adapted?
Large surface area AND large vacoule. Both help speed up process of osmosis to get water into plant.
45
# C Describe diffusion
The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
46
# C Give two examples of diffusion in living organisms
Gaseous transfer in the lungs. Nutrient (amino acid) diffusion through cells in the gut
47
# C What name to we give to a group of cells with a similar structure and function?
Tissue
48
# C A group of tissues all working together form what?
An organ
49
# C State the equation for photosyntheis
(In the presence of light energy and Chlorophyll) Carbon Dixode + Water --> Glucose + Oxygen
50
# C What three factors may limit the rate of photosynthesis?
Low light, Low temperatures and/or a shortage of Carbon Dioxide
51
# C Describe the ways in which plants may use glucose produced during photosyntheis
For respiration, convert it into starch, produce fats, produce proteins
52
# C Name the technique used in growing plants using a balance of soluble mineral ions instead of soil
Hydroponics
53
# C Name as many physical factors as you can that will affect the distribution of organisms
Temperature, Nutrients, Light, Water, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide
54
# C What would you use to measure the distribution of a population between two points?
A transect
55
# C When counting populations why is it important to use random sampling?
To give a representative and unbiased sample
56
# C How can you increase the validity and reproducibility of a scientific investigation?
Use a large sample size AND repeat you test many times.
57
# C Describe the role of a catalyst
Speeds up a chemical reaction
58
# C What part of an enzyme is unique to one substrate and is crucial to it's function?
The active site
59
# C What will happen if an enzyme becomes too hot? What does this mean?
It will become denatured. Shape changes, no longer allows substrate to fit.
60
# C Why can certain enzymes only work in specific parts of our digestive system?
pH affects enzyme activity. Some enzymes will not catalyze reactions at a high or low pH
61
# C Name the two enzymes involved in the digestion of carbohydrates
Amylase (Starch to Maltose) THEN Maltase (Maltose to Glucose)
62
# C Name the three parts of your digestive system that produce proteases
Stomach, pancreas and small intestine
63
# C Name the two products of fat digestion
Fatty acids and Glycerol
64
# C Describe the role of bile in the digestion of fats
Emulsifies the fat (Breaks up big fat drops into small droplets) to increase the surface area so that more lipase enzyme can act upon the fats
65
# C What conditions do enzymes made in the pancreas and small intestines work in?
Alkaline
66
# C Enzymes in industry allow processes to work at higher or lower temperatures?
Lower - Good for energy saving.
67
# C Biological detergents often contain what types of enzyme?
Proteases and lipases
68
# C What enzyme is used to turn gloucose syrup into fructose syrup?
Isomerase

B2 Chapters 1-3 (1 decks)

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