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B2 Chapters 1-3 > Chapters 1-3 > Flashcards

Chapters 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

Name three features of a plant cell NOT found within an animal cell

A

Chloroplast, Vacoule, Cell Wall

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2
Q

State the function of a mitochondrion

A

Release energy during respiration

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3
Q

State the function of a ribosome

A

Protein synthesis (making proteins)

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4
Q

Describe the structure of DNA inside of a bacterial cell

A

Usually circular and not in a nucleus (free in the cytoplasm)

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5
Q

What is a plasmid?

A

Small circular bits of DNA

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6
Q

Which of these is biggest, a yeast cell or bacterium?

A

Yeast

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7
Q

Give one way in which an animal cell is different to a yeast cell

A

Animal cell does not have a cell wall

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8
Q

Do yeast respire aerobically or anaerobically?

A

Both - Usually aerobically (whenever Oxygen is available)

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9
Q

What word describes cells that are adapted to carry out a specific job?

A

Specialised

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10
Q

How is a root hair cell adapted?

A

Large surface area AND large vacoule. Both help speed up process of osmosis to get water into plant.

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11
Q

Describe diffusion

A

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

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12
Q

Give two examples of diffusion in living organisms

A

Gaseous transfer in the lungs. Nutrient (amino acid) diffusion through cells in the gut

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13
Q

What name to we give to a group of cells with a similar structure and function?

A

Tissue

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14
Q

A group of tissues all working together form what?

A

An organ

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15
Q

State the equation for photosyntheis

A

(In the presence of light energy and Chlorophyll) Carbon Dixode + Water –> Glucose + Oxygen

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16
Q

What three factors may limit the rate of photosynthesis?

A

Low light, Low temperatures and/or a shortage of Carbon Dioxide

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17
Q

Describe the ways in which plants may use glucose produced during photosyntheis

A

For respiration, convert it into starch, produce fats, produce proteins

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18
Q

Name the technique used in growing plants using a balance of soluble mineral ions instead of soil

A

Hydroponics

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19
Q

Name as many physical factors as you can that will affect the distribution of organisms

A

Temperature, Nutrients, Light, Water, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide

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20
Q

What would you use to measure the distribution of a population between two points?

A

A transect

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21
Q

When counting populations why is it important to use random sampling?

A

To give a representative and unbiased sample

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22
Q

How can you increase the validity and reproducibility of a scientific investigation?

A

Use a large sample size AND repeat you test many times.

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23
Q

Describe the role of a catalyst

A

Speeds up a chemical reaction

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24
Q

What part of an enzyme is unique to one substrate and is crucial to it’s function?

A

The active site

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25
Q

What will happen if an enzyme becomes too hot? What does this mean?

A

It will become denatured. Shape changes, no longer allows substrate to fit.

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26
Q

Why can certain enzymes only work in specific parts of our digestive system?

A

pH affects enzyme activity. Some enzymes will not catalyze reactions at a high or low pH

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27
Q

Name the two enzymes involved in the digestion of carbohydrates

A

Amylase (Starch to Maltose) THEN Maltase (Maltose to Glucose)

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28
Q

Name the three parts of your digestive system that produce proteases

A

Stomach, pancreas and small intestine

29
Q

Name the two products of fat digestion

A

Fatty acids and Glycerol

30
Q

Describe the role of bile in the digestion of fats

A

Emulsifies the fat (Breaks up big fat drops into small droplets) to increase the surface area so that more lipase enzyme can act upon the fats

31
Q

What conditions do enzymes made in the pancreas and small intestines work in?

A

Alkaline

32
Q

Enzymes in industry allow processes to work at higher or lower temperatures?

A

Lower - Good for energy saving.

33
Q

Biological detergents often contain what types of enzyme?

A

Proteases and lipases

34
Q

What enzyme is used to turn gloucose syrup into fructose syrup?

A

Isomerase

35
Q

C

Name three features of a plant cell NOT found within an animal cell

A

Chloroplast, Vacoule, Cell Wall

36
Q

C

State the function of a mitochondrion

A

Release energy during respiration

37
Q

C

State the function of a ribosome

A

Protein synthesis (making proteins)

38
Q

C

Describe the structure of DNA inside of a bacterial cell

A

Usually circular and not in a nucleus (free in the cytoplasm)

39
Q

C

What is a plasmid?

A

Small circular bits of DNA

40
Q

C

Which of these is biggest, a yeast cell or bacterium?

A

Yeast

41
Q

C

Give one way in which an animal cell is different to a yeast cell

A

Animal cell does not have a cell wall

42
Q

C

Do yeast respire aerobically or anaerobically?

A

Both - Usually aerobically (whenever Oxygen is available)

43
Q

C

What word describes cells that are adapted to carry out a specific job?

A

Specialised

44
Q

C

How is a root hair cell adapted?

A

Large surface area AND large vacoule. Both help speed up process of osmosis to get water into plant.

45
Q

C

Describe diffusion

A

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

46
Q

C

Give two examples of diffusion in living organisms

A

Gaseous transfer in the lungs. Nutrient (amino acid) diffusion through cells in the gut

47
Q

C

What name to we give to a group of cells with a similar structure and function?

A

Tissue

48
Q

C

A group of tissues all working together form what?

A

An organ

49
Q

C

State the equation for photosyntheis

A

(In the presence of light energy and Chlorophyll) Carbon Dixode + Water –> Glucose + Oxygen

50
Q

C

What three factors may limit the rate of photosynthesis?

A

Low light, Low temperatures and/or a shortage of Carbon Dioxide

51
Q

C

Describe the ways in which plants may use glucose produced during photosyntheis

A

For respiration, convert it into starch, produce fats, produce proteins

52
Q

C

Name the technique used in growing plants using a balance of soluble mineral ions instead of soil

A

Hydroponics

53
Q

C

Name as many physical factors as you can that will affect the distribution of organisms

A

Temperature, Nutrients, Light, Water, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide

54
Q

C

What would you use to measure the distribution of a population between two points?

A

A transect

55
Q

C

When counting populations why is it important to use random sampling?

A

To give a representative and unbiased sample

56
Q

C

How can you increase the validity and reproducibility of a scientific investigation?

A

Use a large sample size AND repeat you test many times.

57
Q

C

Describe the role of a catalyst

A

Speeds up a chemical reaction

58
Q

C

What part of an enzyme is unique to one substrate and is crucial to it’s function?

A

The active site

59
Q

C

What will happen if an enzyme becomes too hot? What does this mean?

A

It will become denatured. Shape changes, no longer allows substrate to fit.

60
Q

C

Why can certain enzymes only work in specific parts of our digestive system?

A

pH affects enzyme activity. Some enzymes will not catalyze reactions at a high or low pH

61
Q

C

Name the two enzymes involved in the digestion of carbohydrates

A

Amylase (Starch to Maltose) THEN Maltase (Maltose to Glucose)

62
Q

C

Name the three parts of your digestive system that produce proteases

A

Stomach, pancreas and small intestine

63
Q

C

Name the two products of fat digestion

A

Fatty acids and Glycerol

64
Q

C

Describe the role of bile in the digestion of fats

A

Emulsifies the fat (Breaks up big fat drops into small droplets) to increase the surface area so that more lipase enzyme can act upon the fats

65
Q

C

What conditions do enzymes made in the pancreas and small intestines work in?

A

Alkaline

66
Q

C

Enzymes in industry allow processes to work at higher or lower temperatures?

A

Lower - Good for energy saving.

67
Q

C

Biological detergents often contain what types of enzyme?

A

Proteases and lipases

68
Q

C

What enzyme is used to turn gloucose syrup into fructose syrup?

A

Isomerase

B2 Chapters 1-3 (1 decks)

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