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A&P Chapters 1-3 > Chapters 1-3 > Flashcards

Chapters 1-3 Flashcards

0
Q

Physiology

A

Study of function of body parts

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1
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of structure

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2
Q

Subdivisions of anatomy

A

Gross or macroscopic: with the naked eye

Microscopic: cytology (cells), histology (tissues)

Developmental: embryology

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3
Q

Branches of anatomy

A

Pathological: disease associated changes

Radio graphic: visualization techniques

Molecular: DNA and protein structure

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4
Q

Manipulation

A

Moving of structures

Eg joints

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5
Q

Radio graphic

A

Visualization techniques

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6
Q

Palpation

A

Feeling things

Eg organs

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7
Q

Auscultation

A

Listening

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8
Q

Complementary

A

Structures that suit function

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9
Q

Principle of complementary

A

Anatomy and physiology are inseparable
Function always reflects structure
Structure function depends on it’s form

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10
Q

Levels of structural organization

A

Chemical level - atom to molecules
Cellular level - cells are made up of molecules
Tissue level - tissues consist of similar types of cells
Organ level - organs are made up of different types of tissues
Organ system level - consist of different organs that work together closely
Organismal level - all organ system

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11
Q

Note major organs and functions of the 11 organ systems - fig 1.3

A

Refer to fig 1.3

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12
Q

Maintaining life

Maintaining boundaries

A

Skin protecting organs and other internal components from injuries

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13
Q

Maintaining life

Movement

A

Muscular system

Allows manipulation of the environment , locomotion, and facial expression

Maintains posture and produces heat

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14
Q

Maintaining life

Responsiveness

A

Able to react to the environment and surroundings as well as to body signals

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15
Q

Maintaining life

Digestion

A

Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter blood for distribution

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16
Q

Maintaining life

Metabolism

A

Catabolism

Anabolism

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17
Q

Catabolism *

A

Complex molecules broken down to simpler ones

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18
Q

Anabolism *

A

Molecules being synthesized from simple ones to complex ones

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19
Q

Maintaining life

Excretion

A

Elimination of waste

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20
Q

Maintaining life

Reproduction

A

To produce offspring

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21
Q

Maintaining life

Growth

A

Endocrine

Hormones secreted from glands to promote growth and reproduction as well as nutrient use by body cells

(Thyroid, pancreas, adrenal, ovaries, testes)

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22
Q

Nutrients

A

Chemical diet consumed that contain substances essential for energy, growth and building

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23
Q

Oxygen

A

Viral for survival. We need oxygen to function

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24
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintenance of stable internal environment

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25
Q

Homeostatic Control mechanism

A

Regulation of the body

Eg shivering goosebumps etc

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26
Q

Control mechanism

Variable

A

Regulated factor or event

eg temperature of body

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27
Q

Control mechanism

Receptor

A

Monitors changes in variable and sends info to control centre

28
Q

Control mechanism

Control centre

A

Determines set point for variable, coordinates response

29
Q

Control mechanism

Effector

A

carries out response and acts to reduce or enhance stimulus

30
Q

Negative feedback

A

The response reduces or shuts off original stimulus

Eg sweating stops when cooled down
Regulation of blood volume by anti diuretic hormone

31
Q

Positive feedback

A

Response enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus

32
Q

Homeostatic imbalance

A

Disturbance of homeostasis
Increase risk of disease
Contributes to changes associated with aging
May allow destructive positive feedback

33
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Vertical plane - left and right parts

34
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

Lies on midline

35
Q

Parasagittal plane

A

Not on midline

Off to side

36
Q

Frontal (coronal) plane

A

Separates anterior and posterior halves

37
Q

Transverse

A

Superior and inferior parts

38
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Brain cavity

39
Q

Dorsal cavity fig 1.9 *

A

Protects nervous system

40
Q

Vertebral cavity

A

Spinal cavity

41
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Lungs and heart

42
Q

Abdominal pelvic cavity

A

Digestive cavity

Abdominal cavity
Pelvic cavity

43
Q

Subdivisions of thoracic cavity

A

Lateral - houses lungs

Mediastinum - contains esophagus, trachea (pericardial cavity)

44
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

Encloses heart

45
Q

Ventral body cavity:

Serous membrane

A

Layers of cells

Thin double layered membrane separated by serous fluid, membrane composed of thin layers of epithelium and connective tissue

46
Q

Parietal serosa *

A

Lines internal body walls

47
Q

Visceral serosa *

A

Covers internal organs

48
Q

Other body cavities

A 
Oral and digestive 
Nasal 
Orbital 
Middle ear (3 bones)
Synovial (joint cavities)
49
Q

Potential energy

A

Stored energy

50
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy being used/energy in action

51
Q

Solution

A

Even homogenous mixture

52
Q

Colloid

A

Uneven heterogenous mixture with particles distributed on different areas

53
Q

Suspension

A

Uneven mixture that may have solute suspended

54
Q

Ionic bond

A

Positively charged ion forms a bond with negatively charged ion

55
Q

Ion

A

Atom or molecule with two ions with opposite charges

56
Q

Anion

A

Negatively charged ion

57
Q

Cation

A

Positively charged ion

58
Q

Covalent bond

A

Shared electron pairs in a chemical bond

59
Q

Non polar molecule

A

Molecules that are electrically balanced

60
Q

Polar molecule

A

Unequal electron pair sharing crating a non symmetrical molecule

61
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

A weak bond between two molecules resulting in the attraction between a proton in a hydrogen bond and another electronegative atom

62
Q

5 characteristics of water

A 
High heat capacity 
High heat of vaporization 
Polar solvent
Reactivity 
Cushioning
63
Q

Electrolytes

A

Can conduct electrical impulses in the body

Salts
Acids
Bases
Buffers

64
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Make up energy

65
Q

Proteins

A

Make up most parts of living organisms

66
Q

Fats

A

Repels water and coats organs to protect and insulate them

67
Q

Nucleic acids

A

DNA, RNA

A&P Chapters 1-3 (1 decks)

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