Chapters 1-3 Flashcards
What is sociology?
Systematic, scientific study of human society
A group of people who live in a defined geographic area, who interact with one another, and who share a common culture
Society
Who is considered the “Father of Sociology”?
Auguste Comte
The functionalist theory focuses on?
How elements of society are kept in order
Conflict theory is derived from the ideas of?
Karl Marx
Symbolic interaction theory focuses on/
The personal interpretation of human acts
If you believe that sports are a positive and integrating force for society, your view is which perspective?
Functionalist perspective
Not interested in developing large-scale social theories like the European, early U.S. sociologists concentrated on?
Solving their country’s social problems
According to the functionalist perspective, each part of society does what?
Contributes something to society as a whole
The Conflict perspective focuses primarily on what?
Inequality, competition, and power
The symbolic interactionist perspective differs from other’s perspectives in?
Seeing things from an individualistic perspective that involves personal meaning
W.E.B. DuBois and…. were two of the early American sociologist
Jane Addams
Why is it important to consider gender and ethnicity when doing research/
So you are aware of bias and potential inequality in your research
Surveys are especially useful for?
Describing the characteristic of large numbers of people in an efficient way
Although used a great deal, what are some problems with surveys?
People lie, very few people respond, and questions could be misleading and/or biased
A type of observation sutdy
Participant observation
Cultures is?
Shared beliefs, values, and practices, or a design of living and ways of thinking and acting
Laura was an anthropologist who was studying a tribe that lived in a remote area of New Guinea. She discovered that the focus of the tribe’s religion was spirits whom they believed lived in the tree. The tribe’s religion would be part of their…
Nonmaterial culture
What is culture Shock?
Disorientation due to the inability to make sense out of an unfamiliar way of life
The elements are symbols, language, values, beliefs, and…
Norms
Gestures, or objects that have meanings associated with them…
Symbol
A cultural standard for discerning what is good and just in society is called/
Values
Lisa attended her friend’s conservative, Christian wedding wearing cut-off jeans and a tank top. When the minister began the ceremony, Lisa whistled and cheered. Lisa’s mode of dress and behavior at the wedding was a violation of society’s
Morals
When norms are formalized and written down, they have become?
Laws
Rewards and punishments designed to enforce the norms are called?
Sanctions
The attitude that one’s culture is superior to that of another is called?
Ethnocentrism
The belief that cultures can only be judged on their own merits and standards is called?
Cultural relativism
