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political Science > Chapters 1-3 > Flashcards

Chapters 1-3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is political culture?

A

The broadly shared values, beliefs, and attitudes about how the government should function and politics should operate

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2
Q

What are the 3 long lasting patterns of political culture?

A

The one party state, the idea of provincialism, and business dominance

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3
Q

What is the Republican Party?

A

Controls suburban, exburban, and rural areas. It is is conservative and divided

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4
Q

What is the Democratic Party?

A

Controls Texas cities, seeks to promote abortion rights, LGBTQ+ rights, and public education

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5
Q

What is provincialism?

A

A narrow view of the world that is often associated with rural views and belief in limited government. Intolerance of diversity

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6
Q

What is business dominance?

A

Includes business groups. Campaign contributors, organized interests groups, and lobbyists, play a major role in Texas politics. It is challenged by a powerful social conservative wing

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7
Q

Why is privatization of public property a political issue?

A

Established the property rules and regulations under which economic development would trade place in the state

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8
Q

What are the gulf coastal plains?

A

Extended from Louisiana border and the Gulf of Mexico, along the rio grande up to del rio and northward to the line of the balconies fault and escarpment

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9
Q

What is the west?

A

Dry, less forests, and prairies and brush lands.

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10
Q

What is the east?

A

Hilly, covered by forests, timber productions take place, home of some farmer oil fields. First oil bloom in the 20th century

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11
Q

What are the coastal prairies?

A

World war 2 industrial boom

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12
Q

What is the rio grande valley?

A

Winter vegetable and fruit production, birthplace of plantation slavery

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13
Q

What is dallas Fort Worth ?

A

Was a small Republican Party, dominated by rural conservative values

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14
Q

What are the interior lowlands?

A

Extension of lowlands that run south from Canada through Midwest. Predominately agricultural economy, with rural population. In the west part, cattle raising industry, many of the states largest ranches, conservative politics and Republican Party

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15
Q

What are the Great Plains?

A

Ranching and petroleum production in north/amarillo, agricultural and cotton production in the south/lubbock, irrigation from underwater reservoirs played a role in the economic development

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16
Q

What are the basin and range province?

A

Mountains like the Guadalupe peak and El Capitan, the big bend. Democratic Party, overwhelmingly Latino

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17
Q

What is cotton?

A

Oldest crops. 2 consequences, condemned many rural Texans to live of social and economic development, the tenant and sharecropping system helped fuel radical political discontent in rural areas.

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18
Q

What did the grange and populists moments play a big role in?

A

Defining Texas politics

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19
Q

What is cattle?

A

Limited to local areas but changed over time, parallel to cotton, does not drive the economy

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20
Q

What is oil?

A

Transformed Texas, helped farms and factories, automobile production, introduced a boom-and-bust mentality, could lead to sudden collapse in prices, transformed Texas government and economy

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21
Q

What is the Texas railroad commission?

A

Created to regulate railroads, now regulates oil and gas, important in the 60s, state collected oil production taxes in 1905, benefited higher education

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22
Q

What is the high tech industry?

A

1990s, rapid growth period

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23
Q

What is NAFTA?

A

Eliminated most tariffs and trade barriers, international trade has grown importance to Texas economy, was replaced by USMCA

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24
Q

What is USMCA?

A

Provides for more balanced reapproval trade among the U.S., Mexico, and Canada

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25
Q

Who are Texans?

A

Grew rapidly in 1850s, enslaved African Americans. 1980s, boom years. 1990s-now, brief slowdown

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26
Q

What are the 2 primary products of Texas ?

A

Cotton and cattle

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27
Q

What are 2 implications of tenant farming?

A

Creates a form of dependency, and fuels a certain segment of the population within Texas to actually go towards what would be considered radical forms of political discontent

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28
Q

what is tenant farming?

A

Groups of people who are doing farming for others that are there. Someone who owns land and equipment. People who till the land, cultivate and pull the producer crops have to pay something back to those who own the land

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29
Q

What is cattle?

A

A lot of different people looking for alternatives to those forms of tenant farming that are true. Ranching is more lucrative in many ways

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30
Q

What are railroads?

A

Allows for many of the farmers/ranchers to be able to get their particular products to different forms of markets. Originally only for market consumption. More access to places, allowing the economy to grow

31
Q

What is oil?

A

1881, first oil field in texas, such as an oil rush. Railroads allow it to be shipped out . Viable and producers a great deal of wealth. High education benefits, bc some lands end up having a great deal of oil underneath

32
Q

What are boom towns?

A

Emerge virtually overnight. The oil make people really wealthy, then become ghost towns. Boom and bust

33
Q

What is digital economy?

A

Influences things on the basis of the fact that we get to see an expansion of technology and the way in which we have other source that start to influence what we actually see. International economy contributes to this bc of international trade. The military starts to make use of many technological inputs bringing into what they’re doing has many military bases in Texas. Influence what we see in the economy

34
Q

What what are the 3 implications of political culture?

A

Measurement, really difficult to get a grasp on what its actually is and about, ideology, a set of ideas about the way in which we think government should work or politics should function, and political economy, based upon a shared set of values, beliefs, merging from this is a shared set of institutions that we value

35
Q

What are the 3 ideas and values?

A

Liberty, we should have the ability to make choices, equality, nobody is different from anyone else, and democracy, the best way to make our ideas wrapped up together

36
Q

What is Texan political culture?

A

Traditionalistic, idea of how the traditions have been done, individualistic, notion about having self resilience and individual interest, and regions, combined in a way that is different from other regions

37
Q

What are the 5 attributes?

A

Political elites, we should have difference with them, traditions, a traditional set of ideas in how we conduct politics, southern culture, brought in to suggest that there’s a way in which we would see the fabric of culture being brought in to government, limited government, and economic self interest

38
Q

Hat are the 3 themes?

A

1 party dominance, more than 100 years and has flipped, provincialism, idea of a limited government, and business dominance, the government has a great deal of input from business

39
Q

What are the regions?

A

Gulf coastal plains, interior lowlands, Great Plains, and basin and range province

40
Q

What is the population?

A

White, part of those that dominate the political background and institutions, Latinos, a growing number and changing demographics, black, many descendants from slavery, and Asian Americans

41
Q

What are the different characteristics of population?

A

Age, huge difference between the average age meaning there is a lot of young people, socioeconomic status, younger people are more in poverty, and urbanization, 85% live in urban areas like Houston, Dallas, San Antonio, and Austin

42
Q

What is the texas constitution?

A

A legal framework within which the government works in texas, just as the U.S. constitution is the legal framework for our national institutions. Has immediate and enormous impact on citizens everyday lives

43
Q

What is article 1?

A

Guarantees to Texans rights that go far beyond those guaranteed to Americans in the U.S. constitution, addressing numerous specific issues related to Texans private lives

44
Q

What is section 7?

A

Stipulates that no money will be appropriated or drawn from the treasury that benefits a set, religious society, or religious seminary. Lists the conditions that the state must meet if it wants to take, damage, or destroy the private of individuals

45
Q

What is section 30?

A

Provides a detailed list of the rights of crime victims including the rights to be treated with dignity and privacy in the criminal process and to confer with representatives of the prosecutors office

46
Q

What is section 31?

A

Rendered inoperable by a U.S. Supreme Court decision in 2015. Defines a marriage as consisting only of the union of one man and one woman

47
Q

What is section 33?

A

Guarantees Texans a rights to access and use public beaches

48
Q

How many times was the U.S constitution amended?

A

27 times since 1789(when it was adopted)

49
Q

How many times has the Texas constitution been amended?

A

507 times

50
Q

What happened in 1979?

A

An amendment gave the governor limited authority to remove appointed statewide officials

51
Q

What happened in 1995?

A

Amendment abolished the office of the state treasurer, placing its duties in the Texas competitors office

52
Q

What happened in 2007?

A

An amendment passed that eliminated the county office of the inspector of hides and animals

53
Q

What happened in 2009?

A

Amendments were passed protecting certain private property from being taken by the state through eminent domain

54
Q

What happened in 2013 and 2015?

A

Amendments creating funds to help finance important water and transportation projects

55
Q

What happened in 2019?

A

Texas voters approved a constitutional amendment that prohibited an income tax on individuals in Texas

56
Q

What do state constitution perform?

A

Important functions like, justify and make legitimate state political institutions by clearly explaining the source of their power and authority, state constitutions also delegate power, explaining which political powers are granted to particular institutions and individuals and how those powers are to be used, they’re responsible for the establishment of local governments including counties municipalities and special purpose districts, they prevent the concentration of political power by providing mechanisms that check and balance the powers of one political institution/individual officeholder against another, they define the limits of political power, through declarations of rights, state constitutions explicitly forbid the intrusion of certain kinds of governmental activities into the lives of individuals

57
Q

What are the 5 ideas that unite the U.S. and Texas constitutional experiences?

A

Political power in both the U.S. and texas is ultimately derived from the people, the U.S. and texas constitutions feature separation of powers, structure political power in such a way that the power of one branch is checked and balanced by the powers of the other two branches, underlines the U.S. and Texas constitutions meaning the idea that individuals have rights, and federalism, the division of government into a central government and a group of regional governments, exercise direct authority over individual citizens of both the nation state and a particular region with it

58
Q

What is the supremely clause?

A

Declaring the constitution and the laws of the U.S. to be “ the supreme law of the land”, requires all judges in every state to be bound by the U.S. constitution not withstanding the laws or constitution of their particular state, the U.S. constitutions thus taxes precedence over the Texas constitution

59
Q

What are checks and balances?

A

A common concern among the framers of the U.S. constitution and the authors of Texas various constitutions that the intent of writing a constitution was not just to establish effective governing institutions but also to ensure that these institutions would not tyrannize the very people who established them

60
Q

What is tyranny prevention?

A

To pit self interest of officeholders in one branch against that of officeholders in the other branches

61
Q

What is the necessary and proper clause?

A

Listing in detail the specific powers granted to congress by the constitution, concludes by granting congress the power “necessary and proper “ to accomplish its constitutional tasks, to provide a constitutional basis for an enormous expansion of central government activities over the next 200+ years

62
Q

How many Texas constitutions are there?

A

7, 1 under the Mexican political regime prior to independence, 1 as an independent republic, 1 as a member of the confederacy, and 4 as a state within the U.S.

63
Q

What is the Mexican constitution of 1824?

A

First federal constitution operated under, provided 2 houses of congress, a president and vice president, elected for 4 year terms by the legislative bodies of the states, and Supreme Court, mandated separate legislative, executive, and judicial branches, no attempt was made to define the scope of states rights within the Mexican confederation, Catholicism was established as the state religion and was supported financially by the state, Coahuila and Texas were combined as a state,published march 11,1827, divided into 3 districts, legislative power placed in a unicameral legislature

64
Q

What is the constitution of the republic of Texas 1836?

A

English Spanish speaking primary schools, separate statehood for Texas emerged from the conventions, the 1833 convention drafted a constitution and sent Stephan F. Austin to Mexico City to petition the central government to reform, it failed and it led to his imprisonment

65
Q

What happened in 1835?

A

Texas was rising up in defense of its rights and liberties as well as the republican principles articulated in the Mexican constitution

66
Q

What is the Texas Declaration of Independence ?

A

To protect the lives, liberty, and property of the people. Any government that stripped the people of their liberty was unacceptable to those raised on principles of self government. Self preservation demanded “eternal political separation” from the very state (Mexico)

67
Q

What are the provisions and values in the 1836 constitution?

A

Established an elected chief executive with considerable powers. A bicameral legislature. A 4-tiered judicial system composed of justice, county, district, and supreme courts. Power divided with a system of checks and balances between them, bill of rights. Guarantee that all white men could vote. Community property; property acquired by either spouse during a marriage would be jointly owned. Homestead protections; ones home would be protected during bankruptcy proceedings. Debtor refill

68
Q

What is the mineral consensus would continue to change 1876?

A

Granting ownership of mineral rights to the individuals who owned the land under which minerals were found. Defense of slavery as a econmin and political institution with constitutional protections. Save slavery as an institution, also provided the protections needed for slavery to flourish

69
Q

What is article 6: suffrage?

A

Who may vote in Texas. Empowers the legislative to enact laws regulating voter registration and the selection of electors for president and vice president

70
Q

What is article 7: education?

A

A general diffusion of knowledge essential to the preservation of the liberties and rights of the people. Makes it a duty of the state legislature to support and maintain “an efficient system of public free schools”. Provide for the funding of public education. Provides for the establishment and funding of a “university of the first class” to be called “ university of Texas”

71
Q

What is article 8: taxation and revenue?

A

Enabled the legislature to tax the income of individuals and businesses. Required that a personal income tax be approved by the voters and that the proceeds from it to be dedicated to education and tax relief. Prohibiting any income tax on individuals. To curtail severely what the state legislature can do and how it can do it

72
Q

Article 9 and 11 : local government ?

A

Highly detailed discussions of the creation, organizations, and operation of counties and municipal corporations

73
Q

Article 10,12,13, and 14

A

10, railroads, empowers state to regulate railroads and establish railroad commission,12, private corporations, create general laws creating private corporations and protecting the public, 13, Spanish and Mexican land titles, repealed, 14, public lands, created general land office to deal withe registration of land titles

political Science (1 decks)

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