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Foundations Of Nursing > Chapters 1,2 and 4 > Flashcards

Chapters 1,2 and 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

How can you improve self-esteem?

A

By encouraging independence

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2
Q

What are the rules and regulations of the nursing school established by Florence Nightingale?

A

The training offered both formal and practice experience
School kept records of student’s progress
The program focused on sanitation and hygiene, patient observation, nutritional improvements
Retained a registry of all graduates
Not all applicants were enrolled

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3
Q

What is Bill of Rights?

A 
It outlines patient’s expectations to be treated with dignity and compassion 
Right to high quality health care
Clean and safe environment 
Involvement in their care 
Protection of privacy
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4
Q

What is the role of occupational therapist?

A

Assist with activities of daily living

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5
Q

Who can assist the patient in explaining medication adverse effects?

A

Provider, pharmacist, RN

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6
Q

What is the role of a CNA?

A

Provide basic care such as bathing, dressing, grooming, ambulating, toileting, vital signs

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7
Q

Who can assess pain level in a patient?

A

Only licensed personnel such as nurses

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8
Q

What is the purpose of Maslow’s theory?

A

Identify the problem that had top priority

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9
Q

What is the next step after graduating from a nursing program?

A

Take the NCLEX-PN exam

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10
Q

What is the major goal of health care system?

A

To achieve optimal levels of health care for a defined population through adequate and appropriate health care services

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11
Q

Who had the greatest impact on nursing in the 19th century?

A

Florence Nightingale

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12
Q

Examples of primary prevention?

A

Meet the needs of healthy clients
Focus on educating patients
Nutrition/fitness activities, child car seat education, health in schools
Mammograms, colonoscopy, immunizations, use of seat belt etc

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13
Q

Examples of secondary prevention?

A

Screenings/prompt treatment
Focus on identifying illness and preventing treatment
Administering insulin
Cholesterol screening-with lab result of over 200(a problem was identified)
When dietary teaching when diagnosed with DM type 2

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14
Q

Examples of tertiary prevention?

A

Permanent/irreversible
Preventing long term consequences of chronic illness, begins after an injury or illness
Promoting independence after a stroke
Teaching how to use a wheel chair etc

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15
Q

Practical nurse defined?

A

LPN provides direct services under supervision of a registered nurse (RN), licensed physician or dentist
Educated to provide safe, responsible and effective care
Performs basic therapeutic, rehabilitative and preventive care
Provided care in all types of settings
Demonstrate a caring and empathetic approach to safe care

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16
Q

Roles and responsibilities of LPN?

A

Plan care/revise plan of care based on nursing diagnoses
Implement patient care under the direct supervision of registered nurse, licensed physician or dentist
Demonstrate a caring and empathetic approach to safe care

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17
Q

When did LPN licensing begin and where?

A

In 1914 in Mississippi

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18
Q

What are licensing laws?

A

Protect the public from unqualified practitioners by ensuring minimal qualifications are met
Managed by state agencies such as the state board of nursing

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19
Q

What is the Nursing Licensure Compact (NLC)?

A

A nationally recognized, multi-state agreement that allows nurses to use their license to practice not only in their home state, but in all states that have enacted the compact

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20
Q

What is is called when your licensed and apply for another state licensing?

A

Reciprocity/Endorsement

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21
Q

What is required to be licensed as a LPN?

A

Must complete a state approved nursing program, which includes a minimum of 400 hours of direct client care across the lifespan and must sit and pass the NCLEX-PN exam-the required state test to show proficiency

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22
Q

What is required to receive state licensure?

A

Must submit an application to the state board of nursing after completing NCLEX-PN

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23
Q

Define health care system?

A

A complete network of agencies, facilities, and providers involved within a specified geographic area

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24
Q

Define holistic care?

A

A system of comprehensive patient care including physical, emotional, social, economic, and spiritual needs. Required the professionals from different areas to come together to provide comprehensive care

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25
Q

What are the levels of health care?

A 
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary 
Restorative
Continuing
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26
Q

What is primary health care and give examples?

A

Primary health emphasizes health promotion and includes prenatal and well-baby care, family planning, nutrition counseling and disease control.
This level of care is a sustained partnership between clients and providers

Ex: office or clinic visits, community health centers, scheduled school or work centered screenings (vision, hearing,obesity)

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27
Q

What is secondary health care and give examples?

A

Secondary health care includes the diagnosis and TREATMENT of ACUTE illness and injury

Ex: hospital settings (inpatient and emergency departments), diagnostic centers and urgent and emergent care centers

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28
Q

What is tertiary health care and give examples?

A

Tertiary health care, or acute care, involves the provision of specialized and highly technical care.

Ex: intensive care, oncology centers and burn centers

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29
Q

What is restorative health care and give examples?

A

Intermediate follow-up care for restoring health and promoting self care

Ex: rehabilitation centers, home health care and skilled nursing facilities

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30
Q

What is continuing health care and give examples?

A

Addresses long term or chronic health care needs over a period of time

Ex: end of life care, palliative care, hospice, adult day care, assisted living and in home respite care

31
Q

What is wellness?

A

Dynamic state of health in which a individual is progressing toward a higher level of function, highest level of optimal health

32
Q

What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A 
Basic physiological needs
Safety and security
Love and belonging
Self-esteem
Self-actualization
33
Q

The 3 organized levels of health promotion are?

A

Maintain wellness
Preventing disease-related complications
Management of care of those with serious health problems

34
Q

Who is the focus in health care?

A

The patient

35
Q

Breast cancer screening age?

A

Ages 45-54 (every year)

Ages 55 and older (every 2 years)

36
Q

Colon/rectal cancer screening age?

A

45 and older

37
Q

Heart/vascular disorders screening age?

A

45 to 65

38
Q

Prostate cancer screening age?

A

50 and older

39
Q

Cervical cancer screening age?

A

Starts at 21 and screened every 3 to 5 years if normal

40
Q

Testicular cancer screening age?

A

15 to 35

41
Q

What is a risk factor?

A

Any attribute, quality, environmental situation, or trait that increases the vulnerability of an individual or group to an illness or accident

42
Q

What are the 2 key risk factors and explain?

A

Non modifiable and modifiable

Non modifiable such as age, gender, genetics and family history CANNOT be changed

Modifiable include poor nutrition, overeating and insufficient rest and sleep, can be changed

43
Q

What are nurse practice acts?

A

Laws that formally define the scope of practice (task that you are ALLOWED to do)
Limit the scope of nursing practice (things that you are NOT allowed to do - not diagnose patients)
The nurse must know the nurse practice act within his or her state
All states have a nurse practice act

44
Q

What are standards of care?

A

Are legal guidelines for care

Universal guidelines that define measures for all nursing interventions

45
Q

What is the role of state board of nursing?

A

Is responsible for ensuring that licensed practical nurses are minimally qualified to practice nursing

46
Q

What can happen when there is a breach in nurse - patient relationship and harm has occurred?

A

You can be charged with malpractice

47
Q

Who is a patient advocate?

A

A nurse who works for the protection of patient rights/interests

48
Q

What do you do when you suspect abuse?

A

Report to the charge nurse

49
Q

If a charge nurse asks you to perform a procedure which you have never done before, what would you do?

A

Let her know that you have never done the procedure before and ask for guidance

50
Q

Why is it important to report unethical behavior?

A

Because your first duty is to the patient’s health, well-being and safety

51
Q

Two examples of HIPPA violation?

A

Discussing patients- patient condition, age, diagnosis
Leaving patient information lying around
Ex: history and physical of a patient

52
Q

What is the patient criteria for giving informed consent?

A

Must be 18 and above, alert and mentally competent

53
Q

What is an assault and give an example?

A

An intentional threat to cause bodily harm to another, does not have to include actual bodily contact

Ex:”If yo don’t listen to me, I will not feed you”.

54
Q

What is battery and give an example?

A

Unlawful touching

Ex: hitting, restraining without doctor’s order, checking pulse, BP etc. after patient refusal

55
Q

What is slander and give an example?

A

Speaking untrue statements of another person to ruin their reputation

Ex: so and so is a liar

56
Q

What is negligence and give an example?

A

Failure to act in a manner demonstrating care and knowledge ANY prudent individual would

Ex: patient falls, medication errors, equipment injuries

57
Q

What is an informed consent?

A

Disclosure of facts regarding an invasive procedure
It protects patient rights as patient has the right to receive information regarding their treatment, medical research
Agreement by a person to accept a course of treatment or procedure after receiving complete information

58
Q

What should the nurse verify, when being a witness?

A

Consent is given voluntarily in the nurse’s presence, alert and competent as determined by the nurse

59
Q

What is not verified, when signing the consent?

A

Whether risks and benefits of the procedure was explained by the nurse. This is the doctor’s responsibility

60
Q

What is the criteria for informed consent?

A

Must explain risk and benefits by the person performing
Person performing the procedure must provide information
Consent must be given voluntarily in the presence of a nurse
Must be 18 or above
Alert and competent
Not under the influence of drugs or alcohol

61
Q

What is the role of the nurse in the informed consent process?

A

Act as a witness when the patient signs the form

62
Q

What is intimate space and give examples?

A

0-18 inches from face

Ex: applying cream, inserting catheters, bathing, changing dressings, transferring

63
Q

Give examples of blocks to communication?

A 
False assurance
Giving advice
Approval or disapproval 
Defensiveness 
Asking for explanations
Asking why questions 
Changing the subject
64
Q

Examples of false assurance?

A

Don’t worry
Everything will be alright
You will be fine

65
Q

Examples of verbal communication?

A

Speaking and writing

66
Q

Examples of non verbal communication?

A 
Touch
Crying
Eye contact
Tone of voice
Grimacing
Physical appearance 
Facial expressions 
Gestures 
Posture
67
Q

How do you communicate with the hearing impaired?

A

Speak slowly and clearly
Speak in a normal volume-hear low pitch better
Stand in front of the patient - so they can lip read
Do not exaggerate lip movements
May need a paper and pencil to communicate
Allow time to respond
Get patients attention before you speak - touch before you speak

68
Q

How do you communicate with patients who have aphasia?

A

Allow time to respond
Use visual cues - like communication boards
Speak in a normal voice
Use yes or no questions

69
Q

What do you do in case of a language barrier?

A

Get an interpreter or professional translator, communication boards etc

70
Q

How do you communicate with a visually impaired person?

A

Knock on the door and ask permission first
Do not touch the patient first as it may startle them
Position patient in such a way that the door is facing the good eye and not the blind eye - otherwise the patient has to turn more to see with the good eye

Ex: if a patient is blind on right eye, door should be on the left side of the patient

71
Q

What actions should the nurse take to indicate active listening?

A

Maintain an open posture (avoid holding objects in front of you)
Facing the client
Leaning forward
Eye contact
Responding positively when giving feedback

72
Q

What are the guidelines for effective communication?

A

Sit at eye level, when sitting in a chair
Touching a child can intimidate them - can block the communication
Do not ask why questions- which is asking for explanations
Recognize patient’s feelings (“I notice that guy have been sad about the prognosis

73
Q

How do you communicate with a patient with dementia?

A

Use simple words and sentences
Do not use concepts (it is important to exercise to stay healthy or it is important that you eat)
Do not ask open ended questions (what would you like to eat)
Only give 2 choices
Cannot understand cause and effect (if you don’t take a bath, I won’t take you for a walk)

Foundations Of Nursing (2 decks)

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