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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Chapters 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Chapters 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

scientific discipline that investigates the body’s structure

A

anatomy

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2
Q

scientific investigation of the processes or functions of living things

A

physiology

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3
Q

structures examined without a microscope

A

gross or macroscopic

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4
Q

studied area by area

A

regional

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5
Q

studied system by system

A

systemic

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6
Q

external form and relation to deeper structures as x-ray in anatomic imaging

A

surface

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7
Q

structures seen with the microscope

A

microscopic

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8
Q

cellular anatomy

A

cytology

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9
Q

study of tissues

A

histology

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10
Q
  • reveals dynamic nature of living things

- considers operations of specific organ systems

A

physiology

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11
Q

examines processes in cells

A

cell physiology

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12
Q

focuses on the nervous system

A

neurophysiology

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13
Q

the heart and blood vessels

A

cardiovascular

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14
Q

structural and functional changes caused by disease

A

pathology

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15
Q

changes in structure and function caused by exercise

A

exercise physiology

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16
Q

interaction of atoms

A

chemical

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17
Q

structural and functional unit of living organisms

A

cell

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18
Q

group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them

A

tissue

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19
Q

one or more tissues functioning together

A

organ

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20
Q

group of organs functioning together

A

organ system

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21
Q

any living thing

A

organism

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22
Q

Provides protection, regulates temperature, prevents water loss, and helps produce vitamin D. Consists of skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands.

A

integumentary system

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23
Q

Provides protection and support, allows body movements, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and fat. Consists of bones, associated cartilages, ligaments, and joints.

A

skeletal system

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24
Q

Produces body movements, maintains posture, and produces body heat. Consists of muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons.

A

muscular system

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25
Q

Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs fats from the digestive tract. Consists of the lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphatic organs.

A

lymphatic system

26
Q

Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air and regulates blood pH. Consists of the lungs and respiratory passages.

A

respiratory system

27
Q

Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes. Consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and accessory organs.

A

digestive system

28
Q

A major regulatory system that detects sensations and controls movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions. Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.

A

nervous system

29
Q

A major regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many other functions. Consists of glands, such as the pituitary, that secrete hormones.

A

endocrine system

30
Q

Transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones throughout the body; plays a role in the immune response and the regulation of body temperature. Consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.

A

cardiovascular system

31
Q

Removes waste productions from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance. Consists of the kidneys, urinary bladder, and ducts that carry urine.

A

urinary system

32
Q

Produces oocytes and is the site of fertilization and fetal development; produces milk for the newborn; produces hormones that influence sexual function and behaviors. Consists of the ovaries, vagina, uterus, mammary glands, and associated structures.

A

female reproductive system

33
Q

Produces and transfers sperm cells to the female and produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors. Consists of the testes, accessory structures, ducts, and penis.

A

male reproductive system

34
Q

condition in which there are specific relationships and functions

A

organization

35
Q

all chemical reactions of the body

A

metabolism

36
Q

ability to sense changes ad adjust

A

responsiveness

37
Q

increase in size and/or number of cells

A

growth

38
Q

changes in an organism over time

A

development

39
Q

change from general to specific

A

differentiation

40
Q

change in shape of tissues, organs

A

morphogenesis

41
Q

new cells or new organisms

A

reproduction

42
Q

shared characteristics between living things drive research

A

biomedial research

43
Q

values of variables fluctuate around the ____ _____ to establish a _______ ______ of values.

A
  • set point

- normal range

44
Q

the ideal normal value of variable

A

set point

45
Q

2 types of feedback systems

A

negative & positive

46
Q

monitors the value of some variable

A

receptor

47
Q

establishes the set point

A

control center

48
Q

can change the value of the variable

A

effector

49
Q

deviation from the set point; detected by the receptor

A

stimulus

50
Q

produced by the effector

A

response

51
Q

through the midline

A

median

52
Q

to the left or right of the median

A

sagittal

53
Q

divides body into anterior and posterior sections

A

frontal & coronal

54
Q

divides body into superior and inferior sections

A

transverse/cross

55
Q

other that at a right angle

A

oblique

56
Q

cut along the length of an organ

A

longitudinal

57
Q

cut at right angle to length of the organ

A

transverse/cross

58
Q

cut at any angle

A

oblique

59
Q

divides body cavity into thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

A

diaphragm

60
Q

contains all structures of the thoracic cavity except the lungs

A

mediastinum

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (12 decks)

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