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Chemistry > Chapters 1-2 > Flashcards

Chapters 1-2 Flashcards

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1
Q

why is the scope of chemistry so vast?

A

it covers LIVING and NONLIVING matter

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2
Q

what are the traditional areas of study in chemistry?

A
  • physical
  • analytical
  • biochemistry
  • organic
  • inorganic
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3
Q

chemistry is the ____ science

A

central

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4
Q

matter

A

is like a bad kilt- it has mass and occupies space

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5
Q

chemistry

A

study of MATTER and its COMPOSITION as it CHANGES

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6
Q

organic chemistry

A

study of matter w/ carbon (living); extremely complicated and diverse (orgo sucks)

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7
Q

inorganic chemistry

A

study of matter w/o carbon (non-living);

METALLIC-BASED (left of periodic stepladder)

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8
Q

biochemistry

A

reactions and behaviors of molecules in LIVING ORGANISMS

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9
Q

analytical chemistry

A

study of COMPOSITION of matter; how molecule behaves

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10
Q

physical chemistry

A

literally physics of chemistry- study of matter as it undergoes CHANGE/ interacts with molecules; like physical SIZE of Prozac molecule)

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11
Q

pure chemistry

A

chemistry for its own sake; pursuit of knowledge, no practical application
ex: building macromolecule

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12
Q

applied chemistry

A

chemistry w/ a practical goal/application

ex: building macromolecule flexible enough to support steel bridges (has a purpose)

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13
Q

elements are composed of_____

A

atoms

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14
Q

atoms contain____

A

nuclei and one or more electrons

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15
Q

electrons determine the bonding of ____

A

chemical reactions

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16
Q

elements often exist held together in____by attractive forces

A

chemical compounds

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17
Q

chemical bonds influence chemical ____

A

properties

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18
Q

kinetic theory states that

A

particles are in constant motion

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19
Q

reactions occur in…

A

living and nonliving things

burning wood and Krebs cycle

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20
Q

AMOUNTS are very

A

important in chemistry

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21
Q

every chemical produces and processes

A

energy

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22
Q

organic chemistry includes or doesn’t include plastics?

A

INCLUDES

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23
Q

what is a common outcome of chemistry?

A

new technology

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24
Q

technology

A

means by which society meeds desires and improves life

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25
Q

polylactic acid (PLA)

A

bioplastic made from corn, has pros (renewable source, uses less energy, fewer greenhouse gases) and cons (GMO, few applications because of low melting point, processing issues)

26
Q

biotechnology

A

applies science to production of biological processes (manufacturing insulin)

27
Q

we assume earth science applies

A

everywhere in the universe

28
Q

Lavoiser did what for chemistry?

A

transformed from observation to measurement science; proved oxygen is needed to burn things

29
Q

____led to tools and techniques of modern chemistry

A

alchemy

30
Q

models are used when an experiment is

A

impossible

31
Q

scientific law

A

summarizes findings of many tested experiments

32
Q

theory

A

hypothesis confirmed by many experiments

33
Q

states of matter

A

liquid, solid, gas, plasma

34
Q

plasma

A

ionized gas (lightening)

35
Q

solid

A

has definite shape and volume

36
Q

liquid

A

has definite volume but indefinite shape

37
Q

gas

A

has indefinite shape and indefinite volume

38
Q

extensive property

A

relies on measurement

surface area of donut

39
Q

intensive property

A

relies on type of matter, not measurement

odor, density

40
Q

chemical property

A

must be chemically changed to observe

flammability, taste

41
Q

physical property

A

can be observed without chemically changing (size, state of matter)

42
Q

gas

A

gas at room temperature

43
Q

vapor

A

liquid or solid at room temperature

44
Q

mixture

A

physical combination of two or more things

45
Q

homogenous mixture

A
  • same distribution of substances throughout
    (a. k.a solution, stainless steel, gatorade)
  • can be physically separated (usually through changes in state of matter, think sugand lab)
  • called ‘alloy’ in metals, designed to retain both’s properties
46
Q

heterogeneous mixture

A

-unequal distribution of substances throughout
(salad, granola, boba, AIR we breathe)
-also able to physically separate

47
Q

phase

A

state of matter that’s uniform in mixture (in het. there are many phases)

48
Q

filtration

A

use filter to separate based on SIZE or SOLUBILITY

49
Q

distillation

A

separate based on boiling points

50
Q

element

A

simplest form of substance that retains properties

51
Q

compound

A

2 or more elements chemically bonded

52
Q

atom

A

smallest part of an element

53
Q

all physical changes are

A

reversible

54
Q

the individual elements in compounds have ____properties than the bonded whole

A

different; think salt, both elements are poisonous when unbonded to eachother

55
Q

period (in periodic table)

A

horizontal row, no pattern

56
Q

periodic group

A

vertical columb, similar properties

57
Q

periodic table is organized by

A

atomic #

58
Q

clues of chemical reaction

A

energy transfer (light/heat)
color change
gas released
precipitate (condensed liquid, insoluble solid)

59
Q

chemical reactions do what to atoms?

A

rearrange them

60
Q

chemical formula shows

A

ATOMS and # of them, not reactants and products (that’s a reaction)

Chemistry (9 decks)

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