Chapters 1-2

Question 1

why is the scope of chemistry so vast?

Answer 1

it covers LIVING and NONLIVING matter

Question 2

what are the traditional areas of study in chemistry?

Answer 2

• physical
• analytical
• biochemistry
• organic
• inorganic

Question 3

chemistry is the ____ science

Answer 3

central

Question 4

matter

Answer 4

is like a bad kilt- it has mass and occupies space

Question 5

chemistry

Answer 5

study of MATTER and its COMPOSITION as it CHANGES

Question 6

organic chemistry

Answer 6

study of matter w/ carbon (living); extremely complicated and diverse (orgo sucks)

Question 7

inorganic chemistry

Answer 7

study of matter w/o carbon (non-living);

METALLIC-BASED (left of periodic stepladder)

Question 8

biochemistry

Answer 8

reactions and behaviors of molecules in LIVING ORGANISMS

Question 9

analytical chemistry

Answer 9

study of COMPOSITION of matter; how molecule behaves

Question 10

physical chemistry

Answer 10

literally physics of chemistry- study of matter as it undergoes CHANGE/ interacts with molecules; like physical SIZE of Prozac molecule)

Question 11

pure chemistry

Answer 11

chemistry for its own sake; pursuit of knowledge, no practical application
ex: building macromolecule

Question 12

applied chemistry

Answer 12

chemistry w/ a practical goal/application

ex: building macromolecule flexible enough to support steel bridges (has a purpose)

Question 13

elements are composed of_____

Answer 13

atoms

Question 14

atoms contain____

Answer 14

nuclei and one or more electrons

Question 15

electrons determine the bonding of ____

Answer 15

chemical reactions

Question 16

elements often exist held together in____by attractive forces

Answer 16

chemical compounds

Question 17

chemical bonds influence chemical ____

Answer 17

properties

Question 18

kinetic theory states that

Answer 18

particles are in constant motion

Question 19

reactions occur in…

Answer 19

living and nonliving things

burning wood and Krebs cycle

Question 20

AMOUNTS are very

Answer 20

important in chemistry

Question 21

every chemical produces and processes

Answer 21

energy

Question 22

organic chemistry includes or doesn’t include plastics?

Answer 22

INCLUDES

Question 23

what is a common outcome of chemistry?

Answer 23

new technology

Question 24

technology

Answer 24

means by which society meeds desires and improves life

Question 25

polylactic acid (PLA)

Answer 25

bioplastic made from corn, has pros (renewable source, uses less energy, fewer greenhouse gases) and cons (GMO, few applications because of low melting point, processing issues)

Question 26

biotechnology

Answer 26

applies science to production of biological processes (manufacturing insulin)

Question 27

we assume earth science applies

Answer 27

everywhere in the universe

Question 28

Lavoiser did what for chemistry?

Answer 28

transformed from observation to measurement science; proved oxygen is needed to burn things

Question 29

____led to tools and techniques of modern chemistry

Answer 29

alchemy

Question 30

models are used when an experiment is

Answer 30

impossible

Question 31

scientific law

Answer 31

summarizes findings of many tested experiments

Question 32

theory

Answer 32

hypothesis confirmed by many experiments

Question 33

states of matter

Answer 33

liquid, solid, gas, plasma

Question 34

plasma

Answer 34

ionized gas (lightening)

Question 35

solid

Answer 35

has definite shape and volume

Question 36

liquid

Answer 36

has definite volume but indefinite shape

Question 37

gas

Answer 37

has indefinite shape and indefinite volume

Question 38

extensive property

Answer 38

relies on measurement | surface area of donut

Question 39

intensive property

Answer 39

relies on type of matter, not measurement | odor, density

Question 40

chemical property

Answer 40

must be chemically changed to observe | flammability, taste

Question 41

physical property

Answer 41

can be observed without chemically changing (size, state of matter)

Question 42

gas

Answer 42

gas at room temperature

Question 43

vapor

Answer 43

liquid or solid at room temperature

Question 44

mixture

Answer 44

physical combination of two or more things

Question 45

homogenous mixture

Answer 45

- same distribution of substances throughout (a. k.a solution, stainless steel, gatorade) - can be physically separated (usually through changes in state of matter, think sugand lab) - called 'alloy' in metals, designed to retain both's properties

Question 46

heterogeneous mixture

Answer 46

-unequal distribution of substances throughout (salad, granola, boba, AIR we breathe) -also able to physically separate

Question 47

phase

Answer 47

state of matter that's uniform in mixture (in het. there are many phases)

Question 48

filtration

Answer 48

use filter to separate based on SIZE or SOLUBILITY

Question 49

distillation

Answer 49

separate based on boiling points

Question 50

element

Answer 50

simplest form of substance that retains properties

Question 51

compound

Answer 51

2 or more elements chemically bonded

Question 52

atom

Answer 52

smallest part of an element

Question 53

all physical changes are

Answer 53

reversible

Question 54

the individual elements in compounds have ____properties than the bonded whole

Answer 54

different; think salt, both elements are poisonous when unbonded to eachother

Question 55

period (in periodic table)

Answer 55

horizontal row, no pattern

Question 56

periodic group

Answer 56

vertical columb, similar properties

Question 57

periodic table is organized by

Answer 57

atomic #

Question 58

clues of chemical reaction

Answer 58

energy transfer (light/heat) color change gas released precipitate (condensed liquid, insoluble solid)

Question 59

chemical reactions do what to atoms?

Answer 59

rearrange them

Question 60

chemical formula shows

Answer 60

ATOMS and # of them, not reactants and products (that's a reaction)