Chapters 1-2

Question 1

Rhetoric

Answer 1

The practice of giving speeches (also called oratory)

Question 2

Agora

Answer 2

A community in a public square

Question 3

Forum

Answer 3

Citizens in the Roman Republic used oratory to create the world’s first known representative democracy, assembling in a public space called a forum.

Question 4

Public Forum

Answer 4

Today, the term public forum denotes a variety of venues for the discussion of issues of public interest, including traditional physical spaces such as town halls as well as virtual forums streamed to listeners online.

Question 5

Forensic Oratory

Answer 5

People served as their own advocates, so their chances of persuading jurors to vote in their favor depended on the quality of their speaking skills. The Greeks called this kind of advocating or legal speech forensic oratory.

Question 6

Deliberative Oratory

Answer 6

Speech given in legislative or political contexts

Question 7

Epideictic Oratory

Answer 7

Speech delivered in special ceremonies, such as celebrations and funerals

Question 8

Deliberative Oratory

Answer 8

Political persuasion

Question 9

Canons of Rhetoric

Answer 9

Five parts of preparing a speech:

1. Invention
2. Arrangement
3. Style
4. Memory
5. Delivery

Question 10

Invention

Answer 10

Invention refers to discovering the types of evidence and arguments you will use to make your case to an audience.

Question 11

Arrangement

Answer 11

Arrangement is organizing the speech in ways that are best suited to the topic and the audience.

Question 12

Style

Answer 12

Style is the way the speaker uses language to express the speech ideas.

Question 13

Memory

Answer 13

Memory is the practice of the speech until it can be artfully delivered.

Question 14

Delivery

Answer 14

Delivery is the vocal and nonverbal behavior you use when speaking.

Question 15

inventio

Answer 15

Discovering the speech material

Question 16

dispositio

Answer 16

Arranging the material

Question 17

elocutio

Answer 17

Styling the speech

Question 18

memoria

Answer 18

Remembering all the various lines of argument to prove a case

Question 19

pronuntiatio

Answer 19

Vocal and nonverbal delivery

Question 20

Culture

Answer 20

The language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and even material objects that are passed from one generation to the next

Question 21

Cultural Intelligence

Answer 21

Being skilled and flexible about understanding a culture, learning more about it from your ongoing interactions with it, and gradually reshaping your thinking to be more sympathetic to the culture and to be more skilled and appropriate when interacting with others from the culture.

Question 22

Dyadic Communication

Answer 22

happens between two people, as in a conversation

Question 23

Small Group Communication

Answer 23

involves a small number of people who can see and speak directly with one another

Question 24

Mass Communication

Answer 24

occurs between a speaker and a large audience of unknown people who are usually not present with the speaker, or who are part of such an immense crowd that there can be little or no interaction between speaker and listener.

Question 25

Source

Answer 25

The source, or sender, is the person who creates a message.

Question 26

Encoding

Answer 26

The process of converting thoughts into words

Question 27

Receiver

Answer 27

The recipient of the source’s message is the receiver, or audience.

Question 28

Decoding

Answer 28

The process of interpreting the message is called decoding.

Question 29

Feedback

Answer 29

The audience’s response to a message, can be conveyed both verbally and nonverbally

Question 30

Message

Answer 30

The message is the content of the communication process: thoughts and ideas put into meaningful expressions, expressed verbally and nonverbally.

Question 31

Channel

Answer 31

The medium through which the speaker sends a message

Question 32

Noise

Answer 32

Any interference with the message

Question 33

Shared Meaning

Answer 33

Shared meaning is the mutual understanding of a message between speaker and audience. The lowest level of shared meaning exists when the speaker has merely caught the audience’s attention. As the message develops, a higher degree of shared meaning is possible. Thus listener and speaker together truly make a speech a speech–they “co-create” its meaning.

Question 34

Two critical factors to consider when preparing and delivering a speech

Answer 34

Context and Goals

Question 35

Context

Answer 35

Context includes anything that influences the speaker, the audience, the occasion–and thus, ultimately, the speech.
Successful communication can never be divorced from the concerns and expectations of others.

Question 36

Rhetorical Situation

Answer 36

a circumstance calling for a public response

Question 37

Audience-Centered Perspective

Answer 37

you keep the needs, values, and attitudes of your listeners firmly in focus

Question 38

Speech Purpose (Goal)

Answer 38

A clearly defined speech purpose or goal–what you want the audience to learn or do as a result of the speech–is a final prerequisite for an effective speech. Establishing a speech purpose early on will help you proceed though speech preparation and delivery with a clear focus in mind.